AP BIO Reading 1-2 Flash Cards

Fluid Mosaic Model

A model of the Phospholipid Bilayer

Phospholipid

The bounding cells with a Hyrdophilic head and Hydrophobic tail that make up the cell wall

Types of Membrane Proteins

Channel and Carrier

Aquaporins

Water channel protiens that do mass diffusion

Hydrophilic vs. Hydrophobic

Hyrophilic - Water loving

Hydrophobic - Water fearing

What can pass easily through the cell membrane (without a membrane protein)?

Small non-polar molecules!

What requires a membrane protein in order to pass through the cell membrane?

Transport Proteins

Role of cholesterol in the cell membrane

Regulates the temperature, reduces permeability, and helps the cell keeps its shape

Selective Permeability

Only allowing specific molecules into the cell

Diffusion

Particles spreading out

Osmosis

Water infiltrating the membrane

Hypertonic vs. Hypotonic vs. Isotonic

Hypertonic - shrinks (water leaves)

Hypotonic - expands (water enters)

Isotonic - neutral (water enters and exits)

Facilitated Diffusion & Passive Transport vs. Active Transport

Facilitated Diffusion - the process of polar molecules and ions moving through the bilayer with the help of transport protiens

Passive Transport - Diffusion requiring no energy

Active Transport - Diffusion requiring energy

Endocytosis vs. Exocytosis

Endocytosis - Letting larger molecules by engulfing them with the cell membrane

Exocytosis - Exporting material outside of the cell

Water balance of cells with and without walls

A cell that can self regulate when it is hypertonic, hypotonic, or isotonic

Co-Transport

When a transport protein moves more than one molecule at a time

Concentration Gradient

A consentrated amount of solute particles spreading out in a solvent