The Modern Age: Spanish History from the Catholic Monarchs to the Bourbons
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Comprehensive review flashcards covering the Modern Age in Spain, including early exploration, the Catholic Monarchs, pre-Columbian civilisations, the Habsburg dynasty, and the 18th-century Bourbon reforms.
30 Terms
When did the Modern Age started?
Which historical event marked the beginning of the Modern Age?
Started in 1492.
Arrival of Columbus in America.
When did the Modern Age ended?
Which historical event marked the end of the Modern Age?
Ended in 1789.
French Revolution.
What did Johannes Guternberg invent in 1440?
What was its effect?
He invented the printing press.
It made books faster and helped spread knowledge.
Who were the Catholic Monarchs?
Isabel I (Queen of Castilla) and Fernando II (King of Aragón).
When did the Catholic Monarchs married?
They married in 1469.
Which Pope gave the special title of the Catholic Monarchs to Isabel I and Fernando II?
Pope Alexander VI.
Which territory did the Catholic Monarchs conquer in 1492?
The Kingdom of Granada.
Which African cities were conquered as part of the Catholic Monarchs' territorial expansion?
Melilla and Oran.
On what date did Christopher Columbus's expedition arrive in America?
12th October 1492.
Which new foods arrived in Spain from America following the arrival of the Europeans?
Tomatoes, potatoes, corn, and cocoa.
Where did the Maya civilisation live?
What areas of study were they known for?
They lived in the YUCATAN PENINSULA.
They had a great knowledge of MATHEMATICS and ASTRONOMY.
Where did the Mexica (Aztecs) live?
What kind of society did they build?
They lived in the MEXICO VALLEY.
They built a LARGE, MULTICULTURAL EMPIRE.
Where did the Inca civilisation live?
How was their empire connected?
They lived in the ANDES montains in South America.
They had a large empire connected by ROADS.
In what year did Carlos I become King of Spain?
When was he crowned Holy Roman Emperor?
He became King of Spain in 1516.
He was crowned Holy Roman Emperor as Charles V in 1520.
What caused the early revolts against Carlos I when he took power in Spain?
He did not speak Spanish (he was born in Flanders).
He increased taxes.
In what year did Felipe II move the capital of the empire to Madrid?
In 1561.
Felipe II
When did the colonization of the Philippine Islands begin under his reign?
When did he become King of Portugal?
Colonization of the Philippine Islands began in 1565.
He became King of Portugal in 1580.
What was the outcome of the Battle of Lepanto in 1571?
Felipe II's navy defeated the Ottoman Turks.
What role did validos play in 17th-century Spanish government?
They were ministers who helped the king to rule.
The king gave them the power to govern.
Who were the moriscos expelled by Felipe III between 1609 and 1613?
Muslims who had converted to Catholicism.
Which territory became independent from Spain in 1648 during the reign of Felipe IV?
The United Provinces (the northern Netherlands).
In what year did Portugal gain independence from Spain during the reign of Carlos II?
In 1668.
What conflict was happened when King Carlos II died in 1700 without an heir?
The War of Succession (1701–1714).
The Bourbons and the Habsburgs fought for the Spanish throne.
Which treaties ended the War of Succession?
Who became the first Bourbon king of Spain?
The Treaties of Utrecht.
Felipe V became the first king of the Bourbon dynasty.
Which territories did Spain lose to Britain and Austria under the Treaties of Utrecht?
Gibraltar and Menorca became British.
Lands in Italy and the Netherlands were given to Austria.
Which two cultural institutions were founded by Felipe V?
The National Library.
The Real Academia Española.
Why did Felipe V return to the Spanish throne after abdicating in 1724?
His son, Luis I, died after reigning for only seven months.
What institution was founded in Madrid by Fernando VI?
The Royal Botanical Gardens.
Which monument in Madrid was built by Carlos III as part of his Enlightenment modernization?
The Puerta de Alcalá.
Who was the valido of Carlos IV?
Manuel Godoy.
