HAEC IB History 16 MegaMix 03 Core: C20th Wars

Weltpolitik

Kaiser Wilhelm II's new foreign policy for Germany.

Bosnia

Area of the Balkans annexed by Austria in 1908.

"Blank Cheque"

Unconditional support offered by Germany to Austria-Hungary in the July Crisis.

Fritz Fischer

German historian who argued that Germany was to blame for WWI.

Battle of the Marne

1914 battle which saw the Schlieffen Plan fail, leading to a war of attrition.

Zimmerman Telegram

Intercepted message from Germany encouraging Mexico to invade America.

2 million

Number of American soldiers in France by the summer of 1918.

1,000

Average amount of calories consumed each day by German civilians in 1918.

Bourne

'Firepower replaced manpower as the instrument of victory.'

Ferguson

'Given the overwhelming size advantage of the Allies in terms of population and production in 1914, the outcome of World War I was inevitable.'

Defence of the Realm Act

Law that allowed the British Government extensive powers over civilians.

Treaty of Versailles

Peace treaty signed by Germany in June 1919.

Latifundia

Large estates of the south of Spain where poverty was particularly acute.

Agrarian Reform Law

1932 Spanish law which tried to redistribute land but had limited impact.

Army of Africa

Elite army unit stationed in Morocco, airlifted to the mainland by the German air force at the start of the Spanish Civil War.

Dominic Tierney

'What substantially determined the result [of the war] was the nature and extent of foreign intervention.'

Puyi

The last Emperor of China.

Warlords

Controlled China after 1916.

Chiang Kaishek

GMD military leader who ordered the Shanghai Massacre.

Guerrilla tactics

Tactics used by Mao and the CCP to survive the early stages of the civil war.

Amaterasu

Japanese sun goddess who the emperor was believed to be descended from.

Kwantung Army

Japan's most elite military unit before WWII, its members were ultranationalists.

Marco Polo Bridge Incident

Trivial incident that led to the Second Sino-Japanese War.

Hiroshima

First city to be destroyed using an atom bomb, on 6 August 1945.