Carbohydrate Quiz Accelerated

Chitin

A structural polysaccharide, consisting of amino sugar monomers, found in many fungal cell walls and in the exoskeletons of all arthropods; has antibiotic properties.

Homeostasis

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

cellular respiration

Process that releases energy by breaking down glucose and other food molecules in the presence of oxygen

Glycogen

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in the liver and muscle of animals; the animal equivalent of starch.

Macromolecules

A very large organic molecule composed of many smaller molecules

Polymer

A long molecule consisting of many similar or identical monomers linked together.

Monomer

A simple compound whose molecules can join together to form polymers

Starch

A storage polysaccharide in plants consisting entirely of glucose.

Cellulose

A substance (made of sugars) that is common in the cell walls of many organisms

cell wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

Enzymes

Catalysts for chemical reactions in living things

Anabolic

A process in which large molecules are built from small molecules

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates that are made up of more than two monosaccharides

dehydration synthesis

A chemical reaction in which two molecules covalently bond to each other with the removal of a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

Breaking down complex molecules by the chemical addition of water

Disaccharide

A double sugar, consisting of two monosaccharides joined by dehydration synthesis.

Isomers

Two different molecules that have the same chemical formula

C6H12O6

chemical formula for glucose

Sucrose

glucose + fructose

polar covalent bond

A covalent bond in which electrons are not shared equally

polar

Molecule with partial charges. Mixes with water.

Electron

A subatomic particle that has a negative charge

Electronegativity

A measure of the ability of an atom in a chemical compound to attract electrons

Hydrophilic

water loving

Lactose

glucose + galactose

Glucose

the form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues. When its level is low, we feel hunger.

ATP

(adenosine triphosphate) main energy source that cells use for most of their work

Chemical energy is a form of _____ energy.

potential

C12H22O11

sucrose

Monosaccharides

glucose, fructose, galactose

The prefix mono- means

one

Prefix Di Means what?

two

The prefix poly- means

many

organic

Contains carbon

Inorganic

Not formed from living things or the remains of living things

dexoyribose

sugar in DNA

Ribose

A five-carbon sugar present in RNA

Isomer

Compounds with the same formula but different structures.