Lecture 9: Proportions

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7 Terms

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frequency distributions

used to present data involving continuous (scale) variables

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proportions

examine distributed values between categorical variables

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proportion (definition)

amount in relation to its whole; only categorical (nominal/discrete) variables

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chi square statistic (X²)

compares observed frequencies in relation to expected frequencies; non-parametric test that measures proportional differences (non-parametric = not based in a probability distribution)

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degrees of freedom (n-1)

number of values (number of categories - 1) that is free to vary

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non significant X²

differences between categories isn’t significant; typically a good thing

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to examine differences among 2 or more nominal variables

the “cross tabs” command on SPSS can calculate an X² value for multiple variables