Set 3: Middle Childhood (Ch 7) - 20 terms

Malnutrition vulnerability in middle childhood

Less vulnerable than earlier periods because bodies and immune systems are stronger

Causes of childhood obesity

Diet, television and electronics use, and genetics

Television and obesity

More than 2 hours of TV a day increases risk; commercials promote unhealthy eating

FTO gene

Gene identified through twin and adoption studies that increases obesity risk

Asthma

Chronic lung illness with wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and recurring attacks

Asthma risk factors

Being a boy, low birth weight, poverty, obesity, parent who smokes, genetics

Why death rates are low in middle childhood

Most kids are vaccinated, unvaccinated kids are less susceptible, and immune systems and bodies are stronger

Selective attention

Ability to focus on relevant information and disregard what is irrelevant

Multilingual

Capable of using two or more languages

Benefits of being multilingual

Better metalinguistic skills, higher general cognitive ability, stronger executive function, denser brain tissue in language, attention, and memory areas

US vs Asian beliefs about achievement

US sees success as innate ability and individual; Asian countries see hard work, group success, and a reflection on family

US vs Asian school practices

US students work alone; Asian students work in groups with peer teaching

Academic performance and economic development

Closely related; wealthier countries afford good prenatal care, quality preschools, and well-funded schools

Self-concept

A person's view and evaluation of themselves

Self-esteem

A person's overall sense of worth and well-being

How self-concept changes in middle childhood

Shifts from external to internal, physical to psychological, and less complex to more complex

Self-concept differentiation

Children form separate self-concepts (appearance, athletics, academics) and combine them into overall self-esteem

Social comparison in middle childhood

Peer comparisons become more accurate and realistic

Self-esteem change in middle childhood

Declines slightly due to more realistic peer comparisons and teacher ratings

Coercive cycle

Child's disobedience brings a harsh parental response, which brings more resistance, which brings an even harsher response