WFC110-Lab5&6

Primates

order

• grasping hands & feet, opposable pollex & hallux, nails

• forward orbit rotation

• brachydont, quadrituberculate, bunodont

Strepsirrhini

suborder under order Primates

• lower primates

• long rostrum

• comma nostrils; dog noses

• grooming claw (hind)

• tooth comb

Lemuridae

family under order Primates, suborder Strepsirrhini

• madagascar & comoro islands

• tooth-comb incisors

• small peg upper incisors

• long rostrum

• postorbital bar

• long bushy tail, dog nose

• lemurs

Haplorrhini

suborder under order Primates

• higher primates

• short rostrum

• plate separating orbits from temporal fossa

• round brain case

Platyrrhini

parvorder under order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini

• western/americas

• 3PM, 3pm

• nostrils directed laterally

• prehensile tail

• new world monkeys

Catarrhini

parvorder under order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini

• “old world”

• 2PM, 2pm

• nostrils forward

• tails not prehensile

• ischial callosities (red butt; exc. hominidae)

Cercopithecidae

family under order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini, parvorder Catarrhini

• africa, asia

• auditory bullae extend laterally as bony tube

• quadritubercular bilophodont molars

• ischial callosities (butt)

• “old world” monkeys (macaques, baboons, etc.)

Hominidae

family under order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini, parvorder Catarrhini

• cosmopolitan; Sumatra & Broneo, equatorial Africa (non-humans)

• sagittal crest

• large braincase

• quadritubercular molars, Y-5 cusp pattern

• great apes

  
  

Hylobatidae

family under order Primates, suborder Haplorrhini, parvorder Catarrhini

• SE asia, arborial, lower montane tropical rainforests

• large orbits; protruding rims

• bunodont molars

• v long arms

• no tail

• gibbons, siamang

Dermoptera

order

Cynocephalidae

family under order Dermoptera

• SE asia

• skin membrane neck to forelimb

• each lower incisor comb-like

• broad & flat cranium

• colugos

Scandentia

order

Tupaiidae

family under order Scandentia

• SE asia

• small

• squirrel-like w/ large pinnae (ears)

• hole in zygomatic arch (lemurs also have)

• upper molars w/ weak W

• tree shrews

Lagomorpha

order

• 2 pairs upper incisors, 2nd pair small behind other

• fenestrated maxilla

Ochotonidae

family under order Lagomorpha

• western North america, europe, asia

• rocky terrain of outcrops and talus

• small

• circular haired ears

• jugal projects (beyond posterior margin of zygomatic arch)

• maxilla w/ perforation

• pikas

Leporidae

family under order Lagomorpha

• native everywhere but australia & antarctica

• postorbital process, fan-shaped

• nasal wide posteriorly

• rabbits/hares

Rodentia

order

• 1 pair upper & lower incisors

• broad diastema b/w incisor & cheek teeth

• no canines

• far back orbits

Sciuromorpha

suborder under order Rodentia

Aplodontiidae

family under order Rodentia, suborder Sciuromorpha

• Western North america, moist environments

• apple teeth!

• infraorbital foramen medium

• no zygomatic plate

• mountain beaver, sewellel

Sciuridae

family under order Rodentia, suborder Sciurimorpha

• all continents exc. australia & antarctica, temperate & tropical

• large postorbital process

• infraorbital foramen canal small; teardrop/slit

• zygomatic plate

• squirrels, marmots, prairie dogs

Castorimorpha

suborder under order Rodentia

Castoridae

family under order Rodentia, suborder Castorimorpha

• north america, eurasia; streams, rivers, lakes in temperate habitats

• large blocky skull

• broad jugal

• infraorbital foramen small, slit

• beavers

Geomyidae

family under order Rodentia, suborder Castorimorphia

• north & central america

• robust cranium, flat profile

• infraorbital foramen compressed against rostrum side; or V shaped

• 4 cheekteeth, 1st figure 8 shaped

• fur-lined cheek pouches

• pocket gophers

Heteromyidae

family under order Rodentia, suborder Castorimorphia

• western north america to northern south america

• arid & semi-arid zones, deserts, subtropical forests

• auditory bullae inflated

• nasals extend beyond upper incisors

• infraorbital foramen not large; or V shaped

• hole pierces rostrum

• zygomatic plate

• kangaroo rats, pocket mice