Salamanders - ZOO 4462C

Typhlonectes natans

Rio Rauca Caecillian

-uniform black/brown, ridges/grooves around entire body

-eyes useless, sharp teeth

-N Colombia, Africa, SE Asia

-C4 Canal in Everglades

-No ecological impacts yet

-INVASIVE

Ambystoma bishopi

Reticulated Flatwoods Salamanders

-similar to frosted, reticulated dorsum

-black with white specks (MORE DISTINCT), vent is a distinct white

-Western Panhandle

Ambystoma cingulatum

Flatwoods Salamander

-frosted, reticulated dorsum

-black with white specks, vent speckled white

-Central Panhandle

Ambystoma opacium

Marbled Salamander

-4-7 silvery bands, striped toes, brown under head, tail, feet

-Sexually dimorphic, females silver, males white underbelly

Ambystoma talpoideum

Mole Salamander

-highly fossorial, large flat head, white spotted line on tail (for some)

-4 toes on front, 5 on back, frog-like shape

Ambystoma tigrinum

Tiger Salamander

-brown & black, yellow splotches

-one of the largest terrestrial (20 cm)

-cannibalistic larval morph

Amphiuma means

Two toed Amphiuma

-two toes, brown/gray with light underbelly

-internal fertilization, hatch after flood event

-eat anything

Amphiuma pholeter

One toed Amphiuma

-one toe, cryptic, more brown, kinda spotty

-mucky environments, eats inverts, emits bitter white substance

Desmognathus apalachicolae

Apalachicola Dusky Salamander

-dark, pale white line, less spots

Desmognathus auriculatus

Southern Dusky Salamander

-very dark brown, sometimes orangish

-pairs of blue/dark flecks

-long whip tails to escape predators

Desmognathus cf. conanti

Spotted Dusky Salamander

-brown spotted, diverse colors

-historical decline, confusing due to lack of clarity on species

-reticulated/diamond orange pattern, adult slightly fades

-stocky, big head

Desmognathus monticola

Seal Salamander

-brown/gray, eye-mouth line

-leopard stripe pattern, fades as adults

-used as bait salamanders :(

Eurycea cirrigera

Southern Two-Lined Salamander

-pronounced cirrus during mating season

-brown/yellow coloration, two dark lateral lines

-territorial, bites snouts

Eurycea guttolineata

Three-Lined Salamander

-yellow/brown, 3 thick lines

-long tail, overall bigger than E. cirrigera

Eurycea quadridigiata

Dwarf Salamander

-yellow/brown, small (7cm)

-1 spotted dorsal line

-bogs, swamps, ditches

Eurycea sphagnicola

Bog Salamander

-variety of colors, very small (orange, red, yellow, brown)

-lives in sphagnum moss

-diverged from E. quadridigiata, endangered

Eurycea wallacei

Georgia Blind Salamander

-no pigmentation, pale/red gills

-caves, almost completely blind

-aquatic bottom dweller

Hemidactylium scunatum

Four-Toed Salamander

-orange/brown, white belly, black spots

-4 dark toes on hind legs

Plethodon grobmani

Slimy Salamander

-black with white spots on back and belly, thin

-large eyes

-terrestrial only, no water reproduction/life cycle

Pseudotrion montanus

Mud Salamander

-reddish brown, spots on body overlap

-found in mud

-the further north, the bigger the individual

Pseudotrion ruber

Red Salamander

-orange/red/brownish yellow, large, non-overlapping spots

-golden eyes

Stereochilus marginatus

Many-Lined Salamander

-brown, dark longitudal lines

Necturus cf. beyeri

Gulf Coast Waterdog

-red gills, 4 limbs & toes, spots

-5 years to mature

Notophthalamus peristriatus

Striped Newt

-brownish yellow, orange lateral line in juvenile, red in adult

-some red splotches, plain yellow vent

-terrestrial juvenile state

-paedomorphs have no lateral lines

Notophthalamus viridescens

Eastern Newt

-brown, red, eft stage in wild is red

-speckled yellow vent

-granular skin for poison glands

-both gilled and lunged adult forms

Pseudobranchus axanthus

Southern Dwarf Siren

-dark, long orange line, 1 gill slit, 3 toes

-64 chromosomes

-lives in deeper water

Pseudobranchus striatus

Northern Dwarf Siren

-dark with lateral lines, 3 toes

-48 chromosomes

-shallow water

Siren intermedia

Eastern Lesser Siren

-3 gill slits, 4 toes

-31-33 costal grooves

-spotted, more prominent near head

Siren lacertina complex

Greater Siren

-3 gill slits, 4 toes

-36-39 costal grooves

-spotted, more prominent near head

-overall bigger than S. intermedia