last min animal M1

ocelli

sensory organ

• light

sensory lappets

sensory organ

• touch

statocysts

sensory organ

• gravity

  • which way is up and down

rhopalium

sense organ composed of ocelli, sensory lappets, statocysts

longitudinal muscle in flatworm

flattens worm

• increases diffusion

dorsalventral muscle in flatworm

structure

circular muscle in flatworm

contraction for peristalsis

• makes worm longer

nutritive-muscle in flatworm

makes worm longer

subepidermal nerve

senses things at epidermis

longitudinal nerve cord

connects everything

• send signals along body

nerve cord + primitive brain

send signals from brain to body

tactile receptors

physical contact

rheoreceptors

water flow

chemoreceptors

chemical

life stages of trematodes

1. egg with miracidium

2. sporocytes

3. rediae

4. cercarie

5. metacercarie

scolex

head of main attachment for cestodes

strobila

place right behind scolex where immature proglottis get added

beef cestode lifecycle

1. egg with oncosphere

2. hatch inside cow no more oncosphere, now larvae in cyst

3. human eat cow, cestode in intestine no cyst

opisthaptors

posterior attachment

main attachment

• hooks and suckers

• monogeans

prohaptors

anterior attachment

temporary attachment

• suckers, adhesive organs

• monogeoans

3 adhesive glands in monogeoans

1. paired viscid cell: secrete adhesives

2. anchor cell: anchor worm to host

3. release cell: release anchor cell

what blastula is platheylmines

triploblastic

osmoregulation/filtration in platheylmines

1. flame and tubule cell interdigitate creating filtration slits

2. flagella of flame cell beats creating negative pressure drawing in body fluid

3. body fluid gets filtered at the interdigitation between cells

4. tubule cell reabsorbs nutrients

5. tubule cell excretes waste via nephridiopore

purpose of cilia on plathelminths

locomotion on ventral surface

• pedal wave (contraction of muscles) help with locomotion

lateral myofibrils in cnidaria

peristalsisl

longitudinal myofibrils in cnidaria

tentacle retraction

nutritive-muscle cells in cnidaria

tentacle elongation

• breaks down food fully intracellularly from food vacuole

cnidocytes how they sting

1. stimulus at cnidocil (tactile receptors)

2. open operculum

3. nematocyst springs out

pneumatophore

gas filled float

what blastic is cnidaria

diploblastic

how do pofitera do reproduction

asexual

• formation of gemmules

  • cluster of archeocyte surrounded by protective covering, survives extreme temp, form sponge

sexual

• egg and sperm become flagellated larvae

sclerocytes

make spicules

spongocytes

make spongin

collenocytes and lophocytes

make collagen

leuconoid

1. ostium

2. incurrent canal

3. prosophyle

4. radial canal

5. apopyle

6. excurrent canal

7. osculum

layer of cnidaria

1. gastrodermis

2. epidermis

3. mesoglea

syconoid

1. ostium

2. incurrent canal

3. prosophyle

4. radial canal (chanocytes)

5. apopyle

6. spongocoel

7. osculum

asynconoid

1. ostium with porocytes

2. spongocoel (choanocytes)

3. osculum

archeocyte

totipotent cells

• in mesohyl break down nutrients

layers of pofitera

1. pinacoderm

2. mesohyl

3. chanoderm