Physics - Matter - 6th Graders

Matter

Anything that has mass and occupies space.

Mass

A measure of the amount of matter in an object.

Volume

The amount of space occupied by an object.

Atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.

Molecule

A group of two or more atoms bonded together.

Anu

A very tiny particle of matter according to ancient Indian ideas.

Parmanu

The smallest particle of matter that cannot be divided further.

Intermolecular Force

The force of attraction between particles.

Intermolecular Space

The space between particles in a substance.

Solid

A state of matter with strong attraction between particles and little space.

Liquid

A state of matter with moderate attraction and more space between particles.

Gas

A state of matter with very weak attraction and large spaces between particles.

Melting

The change from solid to liquid.

Freezing

The change from liquid to solid.

Evaporation

The change from liquid to gas.

Condensation

The change from gas to liquid.

Sublimation

The change from solid to gas directly.

Deposition

The change from gas to solid directly.

Panchabhutas

The five elements: Earth, Water, Fire, Air, and Space.

Heat and Energy

Represented by Fire (Agni) in ancient Indian philosophy.

Characteristics of Matter

1. Made up of tiny particles. 2. Particles have spaces between them. 3. Particles are always moving. 4. Particles attract each other.

State of Matter

Depends on intermolecular force, space, movement of particles, and temperature.

Properties of Solids

Definite shape and volume, strong particle attraction.

Properties of Liquids

Definite volume, takes the shape of the container, moderate particle attraction.

Properties of Gases

No definite shape or volume, weak particle attraction.

Ancient Indian Ideas on Matter

Matter is described with concepts such as Anu and Parmanu.

Examples of Matter

Water, air, chair, pencil, soil.

Examples of Non-Matter

Light, sound, heat, electricity, thoughts.

Movement of Particles

How freely particles can move; affects the state of matter.

Quick Revision of Matter

Matter has mass, occupies space, and is made of tiny particles.

Change of State

A substance can change state by heating or cooling.

Particle Arrangement

Determines the state of matter based on attractive forces.

Examples of Sublimation

Camphor, naphthalene balls.

Examples of Deposition

Frost formation.