Funeral Practice Study

Harvey

Discovered Circulatory System

Butlerov + Van Hofman

Discovered formaldehyde gas

Ruysch

Father of International Embalming

Harvey Again

Discovered circulation of blood

Gannal

Author of History of Embalming

Guassardia

First patent for arterial injection of chemical compound

Sebek

Egyptian crocodile god

Epicurean

Roman belief that soul decomposes at same time as body

Animistic

Roman belief that soul lingers around grave after death

Arallu

Mesopotamian underworld

Hush Harbors

Non-crop land where enslaved people were buried

Tumuli

Viking era burial mounds

Chief Mourner

Isis’s chief role in funeral

Ra

Sun god

Thoth

Records weighing of heart

Great house

Means Pharaoh

Set

Killed brother Osiris

Uraeus

Fire-spitting cobra, protector of gods

Paleolithic Period

First period to have funerals

Babylonians

Put their dead in jars with honey and wax

Sjaund

Norse gathering after death

Puritans

Preferred simple procession and graveside service

Warners

Announced death, delivered gloves, cakes, etc.

Averil

Post-funeral feast in middle ages

M. Boudet

Last embalmer to use egyptian methods

Dr. William Hunter

First to practice femoral embalming

Ruysch Again

First person to practice arterial embalming

Feet facing south

Direction of burial in middle ages

Neanderthals

Found a buried body from 60,000 yrs ago, capable of symbolic thought

Cro-Magnon

Buried dead in fetal position, wrapped in furs

Homo-Naledi

supposedly buried dead in caves

Cena Novendialis

Roman funeral feast 9 days after death

Hypogea

Underground sepulchurs for bodies in roman period

Prothesis

Laying out of body at greek funeral, feet facing door for one day

Ekphora

Funeral procession and interment at Greek funeral

Praeficae

Woman hired to scream at Roman funeral

Designators (Dominus Funeris)

Romans who Managed and organized funeral

Libitinarius

Roman slaves who washed and prepared body

Book of Dead

Egyptian book of spells, from New Kingdom

Chinese Funerary Trees

Cyprus and evergreen usually, pine and yew sometimes

Money

Burned by Chinese at funeral

Envelope

Buried with Chinese, where soul can take refuge

Ostrich Feathers

Given out to English Victorian Mourners

2 years

Mourning period for Victorian women

Deep Mourning

First year of mourning for Victorian women, all black

Second Mourning

2nd mourning period for Victorian women, 9-12 months, could wear grey

Half mourning

3rd mourning period for Victorian women, 6 months months, could wear shades of lavender

Separatists

Believed in no funeral, no prayer or ceremony at burial

Anglicans

Funerals had much pomp and circumstance

Olla

Clay or Marble urn

Commonalities in death practices

1. Rite, ritual, ceremony

2. Special place for dead

3. Memorialization

4. Special people to care for dead and post death activities

Manes

Greek spirits of good dead

Parentalia

Roman holiday, Feb. 13-21, Honored familiy's ancestors

Eosin

Active bleaching agent

Von Leeuwenhoek

Father of bacteriology and inventor of microscope

Sumptuary Laws

Laws outlawing excessive spending on funerals, enacted by Constantine and Edict of Milan

Basar

Flesh to Hebrews, can be destroyed

Nephesh

Soul to hebrews, can’t be destroyed

Ambrose Pare

French barber-surgeon, first modern surgeon

Children of Horus

1.) Hapi - Dog; God of the North 2.) Mestha - Man; God of the South 3.) Qebehsenuef - Hawk; God of the West 4.) Duamutef - Jackal; God of the East

Marcello Malphigi

Father of histology, confirmed Hunter’s theory of circulation

Gabriel Clanderus

Published first arterial embalming technique, Ruysch didn’t write his down