CS 4337 Exam 1 Review

An advantage of an interpreter is that __________

a. when it finds errors, it displays feedback immediately

b. interpreted programs run faster than compiled programs

c. an interpreter produces an object program

d. all of the above

A

____ Widely used language that the industry recognizes as standards that is not OOP

cobol

____ is a set of technologies by Sun/Oracle that allows programmers to develop and deploy Web services for a company.

a. JIT

b. JavaScript

c. Java EE

d. JavaBuilder

C

____ is a set of technologies from Microsoft that allows almost any type of program to run on the Internet or an internal business network.

.NET

Examples of HTML ____ are to bold text,

to indicate a new paragraph, and

---

to display a horizontal rule across the page.

tags

A(n) ____ is a compiled program that runs on the client.

applet

A(n) ____ is an interpreted program that runs on the server.

script/servlet

One application of XML is the ____ specification, often used by news Web sites to publish headlines and stories.

a. RSS 2.0

b. DHTML 1.0

c. DMX 1.2

d. CSS 3.0

A

In object-oriented (OO) design, the concept of packaging data and procedures into a single object is called ____.

encapsulation

A program has its own documentation, called ____.

comments

Syntax errors will be caused by all of the following except ____.

a. misspelling a command

b. leaving out required

punctuation

c. typing command words out of order

d. using the wrong control structure

D

One purpose of using test data is to try to cause a ____, which is an error that occurs while a program is running.

a. run-time error

b. syntax error

c. one-time error

d. logic error

A

____ language instructions use a series of binary digits (1s and 0s) or similar to represent binary digits.

machine

A(n) ____ language is the second generation programming language, writing instructions using symbolic codes.

assembly

The machine language version that results from compiling a 3GL is called the ____.

a. dead code or dead program

b. source code or source program

c. live code or live program

d. object code or object program

D

____ language, known as the first generation of programming languages, is the only language a computer directly recognizes.

machine

A(n) ____ program is the program that contains the language instructions, or code, to be converted to machine language.

source

____, which is a programming language designed for business applications, evolved out of a joint effort between the United States government, businesses, and major universities.

cobol

The ____ programming language, developed by Dennis Ritchie at Bell Laboratories, originally was designed for writing system software.

c

____ is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems.

java

A(n) ____ programming language is a language that uses a graphical interface for creating all source code.

visual

____ is a simple, interactive problem-solving language developed by John Kemeny and Thomas Kurtz.

basic

____ is an interpreted scripting language that has a companion program called Tool Kit.

tcl

____ is an increasingly popular format for sharing data that allows Web page developers to create customized tags, as well as use predefined tags.

xml

____ is most popular in today's parsing technology.

a. top-down parser

b. hybrid parser

c. bottom-up parser

d. precedence parser

B

The major commercial language for the period 1960 through the 1990s was ______.

cobol

______ was developed as a systems programming language for the development of UNIX.

c

The major AI language for the period 1960 through the 1990s was ______.

lisp

For Web Languages, _____ is for hypertext

html

For Web Languages, _____ is the most popular server-side programming language

php

For Web Languages, _____ is the OO programming language introduced in 1995.

javascript

What a program looks like is called its ______.

syntax

John Backus was instrumental in the development of the first 3rd generation programming language: _____

fortran

_____ is a first machine-independent language and first language whose syntax was formally defined (BNF)

algol

The major scientific language for the period 1960 through the 1990s was _____.

fortran

______ is for the evaluation criteria for the conformance to specifications (i.e., performs to its specifications)

reliability

______ is the evaluation criteria for the ease with which programs can be understood

readability

______ is for the evaluation criteria for the ease with which a language can be used to create programs

writability

The execution or meaning of each feature in a language is called its ______.

semantics

One of the Functional languages is _______

lisp

_____ is about the presence of two or more distinct referencing methods for the same memory location

aliasing

_____ is the key component for stored program concept and is usually separated from CPU.

memory

One of the logic languages is ______

prolog

This ______ feature or criteria is about a relatively small set of primitive constructs which can be combined in a relatively small number of ways, and every possible combination is legal

orthogonality

The support for ______ is about the ability to define and use complex structures or operations in ways that allow details to be ignored

abstraction

eq checks if the arguments have the same ____

data in memory

eql check if arguments have the same ____

value & data type

equal checks if arguments have the same ____

printed representation

The '=' function checks if _____

two numbers are equal

12 and -1.53 are considered _____

numerical atoms

"Bob" and "a" are considered ____

literal atoms

In clisp, ____ tests if its argument is an atom

atom

In clisp, ___ returns the first element in a list

car

In clisp, ___ returns a list of the 2nd-nth element in a list

cdr

The ____ function determines if the parameter is an empty list or NIL

null

_____ checks if the parameter is a list

listp

____ assigns a key to a specific value

setq

In clisp, ____ allows you to define functions

defun

___ allows you to load a lisp source file

load

_______ applies functions to arguments. Takes 2+ arguments

funcall

In clisp, _______ allows you to log stuff into a file

dribble

In clisp, ____ is an n-branch conditional expression used.

cond

______ applies a function to the first element of each list, to then to the second element of each list, and so on

mapcar

____ takes list/expression and returns processed value

eval

Shortcode, speedcode, autocode, fortran, algol, and cobol were used during the ____'s

1950

basic, apl, oop, simula, and logo were used in the ____'s

1960

______ was the first OOP language

simula

C, SQL, Prolog, Matlab were popular languages in the ____'s

1970

Visual Terminals invented in ____'s

1970

C++, Objective-C, Perl, and Common Lisp were created in ____'s

1980

Haskell, Python, Visual Basic, PHP, Ruby, and Javascript were created in the ____'s

1990

C#, Actionscript, JVM languages, Go, and rust were created in the ____'s

2000

_____ is the idea that everything is a mathematical function

functional programming

Pure FPL characteristics are (safvism):

no side effects, no assignment statements, built on small frameworks, often no variables, implemented in interpreters, simple syntax, mathematically easier to handle

______ was mainly a scientific programming language

fortran

_____ was mainly a business-oriented programing language

cobol

____ is a language used for AI

lisp/python

____ is a language used for system programming

C

overall simplicity, Orthogonality , Data types, and Syntax considerations are the evaluation criteria for ____

Readability

Simplicity and orthogonality, abstraction support, and Expressivity are the evaluation criteria for _____

Writability

Type checking, exception handling, aliasing, and Readability and writability are the criteria for

Reliability

The Von Neumann computer characteristics are (dpm, cms, ipc):

data and programs stored in memory, cpu and memory separate, instructions and data piped to cpu

The basis of imperative languages derive from _____

von neumann computers

Examples of imperative languages are

C, java, c++

examples of functional languages are

lisp, haskell

____ is a logic language

prolog

____ is a markup language

jstl

The 3 implementation methods are:

compilation, pure interpretation, hybrid implementation

The Von Neumann Bottleneck is the ____

connection between memory and processor

____ languages are implemented in a JIT (just in time) system

.net

The design of the functional languages is based on _________

mathematical functions

FP languages are valuable in developing _____ and ____

executable specifications,prototype implementations

___ - static-scoped functional language with syntax closer to pascal than lisp. known as lisp with types.

ML

_____ is a purely functional programming language

haskell

___ is based on Ocaml, fundamentally a FL but has imperative features and OOP

F#

Imperative Langague Characteristics (essc):

efficient execution, complex semantics, complex syntax, concurrency is programmer designed

Fortran 1 was implemented in ____'s

1950

_____ is equivalent to context-free grammars developed by John Backus

BNF

_____ is lexeme or token, and shows only in right-hand side of a grammar rule

Terminal

_____ is a repeated application of grammar rules, from a start-symbol, ending with a input sentence

Derivation