Psych Aspects: Health Disparities

What are health disparities?

Inequalities in healthcare provision and access across different racial, ethnic, and socioeconomic groups

According to the National Institute of Health, what are health disparities?

Differences in incidence, prevalence, mortality, and burden of diseases among specific population groups in the U.S

What percentage of the U.S. population identified as a racial or ethnic minority in 2019?

Approximately 40%

What is the estimated percentage of the U.S. population living in rural areas?

23%

What are the top three leading causes of death in rural communities?

Heart Disease, Cancer, Unintentional Injury

What is the goal of the Healthy People 2030 initiative?

To achieve health equity, eliminate disparities, and improve the health of all groups

What are social determinants of health?

Conditions in the environment that affect a wide range of health outcomes and risks

Name two examples of social determinants of health.

Access to healthcare services and quality of education

What is a significant health statistic for Tennessee regarding obesity?

Tennessee has an obesity rate of 38.7%, ranking 8th in the U.S

What percentage of adults in Tennessee reported no leisure time exercise in the past 30 days?

33.1%

What are some contributors to health disparities?

Racial or ethnic group, socioeconomic status, geographic location, and gender

What is the prevalence of diabetes among adults in Tennessee?

12.2%, ranking 5th in the U.S

What is the adult physical inactivity rate in Tennessee?

28.9%

What are Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

Potentially traumatic events occurring in childhood linked to chronic health problems and mental illness

What is a major barrier to healthcare in rural communities?

Provider shortages, with 60% of rural counties lacking a general surgeon

What is the significance of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS)?

It estimates prevalence rates of health issues among adult populations

What are some leading health disparities in the U.S.?

Cardiovascular Disease, Cancer, Diabetes, HIV/AIDS, Infant Mortality

How do health disparities arise?

Differences in access to care, quality of care, and life opportunities

What percentage of the U.S. population was uninsured in 2019?

13.9%

What is the rank of Tennessee in terms of physical activity?

Ranked in the Top 10 least physically active states

What is the impact of socioeconomic conditions on health?

They can create barriers to accessing healthcare and contribute to health disparities

What is the role of social support in health outcomes?

It can significantly influence health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes

What is the significance of residential segregation in health disparities?

It can limit access to resources and opportunities that affect health

What are the anticipated outcomes of efforts to reduce health disparities?

Improved health equity and reduced incidence of diseases among disadvantaged groups

What are the main objectives of Healthy People 2030?

Eliminating illness, disability, and premature death; eliminating health disparities; addressing social determinants of health; improving access to quality health care; strengthening public health services; improving health-related information dissemination

How does Healthy People 2030 define a health disparity?

A particular type of health difference that is closely linked with social, economic, and/or environmental disadvantage

What demographic factors does Healthy People 2030 track to assess health disparities?

Race and ethnicity, gender, sexual identity and orientation, disability status, geographic location

What are the 5 key areas of social determinants of health according to Healthy People 2030?

Economic Stability, Education, Social and Community Context, Health and Health Care, Neighborhood and Built Environment

What is one focus area under Economic Stability in Healthy People 2030?

Poverty, employment, food security, housing stability

What is a focus area under Education in Healthy People 2030?

High school graduation, language and literacy, early childhood education and development

What does Healthy People 2030 emphasize under Health and Health Care?

Access to health care, access to primary care, health literacy

What are some factors contributing to health disparities in rural communities?

Telehealth expansion, community-based models, workforce incentives, screenings and education

What is the significance of reducing Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs)?

Preventing ACEs could potentially reduce a large number of health conditions

What does 'infant mortality' refer to?

The death of a baby before it reaches its first birthday

How many babies died before reaching their first birthday in Tennessee in 2020?

495 babies

What are food deserts?

Geographic areas where access to affordable, healthy food options is limited or nonexistent

How many people in the U.S. live in food deserts?

23.5 million people

What initiative did NYC implement to combat food deserts?

Wheeled fresh produce carts in food desert regions

What was the result of the fresh produce cart initiative in NYC?

71% of customers surveyed reported increased consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables

What is one way Tennessee is working to reduce health disparity?

Encouraging healthy active children through community health access and navigation

What does the term 'social cohesion' refer to in the context of Healthy People 2030?

The degree of social connectedness and trust among community members

What does 'culturally sensitive health care' mean?

Health care that is respectful of and tailored to the cultural needs of patients.

What is the relationship between socioeconomic status and exposure to fast-food restaurants?

People in poorer areas have 2.5 times the exposure to fast-food restaurants compared to wealthier areas

What is one strategy for reducing obesity in rural communities?

Encouraging healthy eating and physical activity

What is the significance of community-based models in health disparity reduction?

They provide tailored solutions that address specific community health needs

What is a major health issue addressed by Healthy People 2030 related to opioid use?

Addressing opioid use disorder