B227 Lab Exam 2

Epicranius muscle action

Moves scalp, eyebrows; wrinkles forehead

Corrugator supercilii muscle action

pulls eyebrows inferiorly, medially

Orbicularis oculi muscle action

Closes eyelids

Platysma muscle action

Pulls lower lip inferiorly; tenses skin of neck

Masseter

Elevates and protracts mandible

Temporalis

Elevates and retracts mandible

Sternocleidomastoid

Lateral flexion of the neck, rotation of the head to the opposite side

Diaphragm

Expands thoracic cavity

Internal intercostal

Depresses ribs; expiration

Rectus abdominis

Flexes and rotates vertebra column, compresses abdominal wall

External oblique

Flexes and rotates vertebra column, compresses abdominal wall

Internal oblique

Flexes vertebra column, compresses abdominal wall

Transversus abdominis

Compresses abdominal wall

Pectoralis minor

Protracts, depresses scapula

Serratus anterior

Stabilizes scapula; rotates scapula superiorly

Trapezius

Elevates scapula; rotates scapula superiorly

Latissimus dorsi

Extends arm (agonist); adducts arm; medially rotates arm

Pectoralis major

Flexes arm (agonist); adducts arm; medially rotates arm

Deltoid

Flex, medially rotate arm; abduct arm (agonist); extend, laterally rotate arm

Teres major

Extends arm; adducts arm; medially rotates arm

Triceps brachii

Extends arm; adducts arm

Supraspinatus

Abducts arm

Biceps brachii

Flexes forearm; supinates forearm when elbow flexed (agonist)

Brachialis

Flexes forearm (agonist)

Brachioradialis

Flexes forearm

Triceps brachii

Extends forearm (agonist)

Pronator teres

Pronates forearm

Supinator

supinates forearm

Flexor carpi radialis

Flexes wrist; abducts hand

Palmaris longus

Flexes wrist (weakly)

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Flexes wrist; adducts hand

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Extends wrist; abducts hand

Extensor digitorum

Extends wrist; extends MP, PIP, DIP joints of fingers

Abductor pollicis brevis

Abducts thumb

Adductor pollicis

Adducts thumb

Rectus femoris

Flexes thigh (r )

Sartorius

Flexes thigh; flexes leg; medially rotates leg

Adductor longus

Adducts thigh, flexes thigh

Gracilis

Adducts thigh; flexes thigh; flexes leg (g)

Tensor fasciae latae

Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh

Gluteus maximus

Extends thigh (agonist); laterally rotates thigh

Gluteus medius

Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh (g)

Biceps femoris

Extends thigh (b); flexes leg; laterally rotates leg

Semitendinosus

Extends thigh (t); flexes leg; medially rotates leg

Semimembranosus

Extends thigh (m); flexes leg; medially rotates leg

Rectus femoris

Extends leg (r )

Vastus intermedius

extends leg (i)

Vastus lateralis

Extends leg (l)

Vastus medialis

Extends leg (m)

Extensor digitorum longus

Dorsiflexes foot; extends toes 2-5

Tibialis anterior

Dorsiflexes foot (agonist); inverts foot (agonist)

Fibularis longus

Everts foot (agonist); plantar flexes (weakly)

Gastrocnemius

Flexes leg; plantar flexes foot (agonist)

Soleus

Plantar flexes foot (agonist)

Flexor digitorum longus

Plantar flexes foot; flexes MP, PIP, DIP joints of toes 2-5

Flexor hallucis longus

Plantar flexes foot; flexes MP, IP joints of great toe (hallux)

Profundus

Deep

Unipennate

Fibers run obliquely along one side of the tendon

Multipennate

Fibers run at multiple angles along branched tendons

Origin

Fixed

Insertion

Moveable

Agonist

Prime mover

Antagonist

Oppose or reverse a movement

Synergist

Assists the movement

Fixator

stabilizes the agonist

Agonist of elbow flexion

Biceps brachii

Antagonist of elbow flexion

Triceps brachii

Synergist of elbow flexion

Brachialis/brachioradialis

Fixator of elbow flexion

deltoid

Do external intercostals go out or in

in

Do internal intercostals go out or in

out

Deltoid root word

triangular

gracilis root word

slender

latissimus root word

broadest

dorsi root word

back

lumbrical root word

wormlike

rectus root word

straight

rhomboid root word

diamond shaped

teres root word

round

Longissimus root word

longest

Interosseous root word

In between bones

Crest

narrow, prominant, ridge like projection

Line

narrow ridge of bone

Process

Any bony prominence

Ramus

Angular extension of bone

Trochanter

Massive, blunt, irregularly shaped process

Tubercle

Small, rounded projections

Tuberosity

Large, rounded projections; may be rough

Condyle

Large, smooth, rounded articulating surface

Facet

Small, flat, shallow articulating surface

Meatus

Passageway through a bone

Fissure

Narrow, slit-like opening through a bone

Foramen

Rounded passageway through a bone

Fossa

Shallow, flattened depression; often serves as an articular surface

Sulcus

Narrow groove