chap 25-26

what is tort?

A civil wrong causing harm

What is assault?

A threat causing reasonable fear of immediate harmful contact.

what is battery?

intentional, unauthorized physical contact

What is false imprisonment?

unlawful confinement or restraint without valid justification

What is defamation?

A false statement communicated to others that damages reputation

What is the difference between slander and libel?

Slander is spoken: libel is written or published

what is fraud?

Intentional misrepresentation of facts for personal or financial gain

what is negligence?

failure to exercise reasonable care under similar circumstances

what is medical malpractice?

professional negligence involving a failure to meet standards of care.

what are the four elements of negligence?

duty - breach of duty - injury - causation

what is standard of care?

care - a reasonably prudent professional would provide in similar circumstances

what does ‘Res Ipsa Loquitur mean?

The thing speaks for itself; negligence may be inferred

what does respondeat superior mean?

The employer may be liable for an employee’s negligent work

What is corporate liability?

a facility’s direct responsibility for unsure care, staffing, or equipment.

what is expressed consent?

Permission clearly communicated verbally or in writing

what is implied consent?

permission reasonably indicated by the patient’s actions

what is informed consent?

Voluntary agreement after understanding risks, benefits, and alternatives

what is patient autonomy?

the patient’s right to make decisions about their own care

what does HIPAA stand for?

Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act.

What does the HIPPA privacy rule govern?

Access, use, and disclosure of protected health information.

what does the HIPPA security rule protect?

electronic PHI through administrative, physical, and technical safeguards

what does HIM stand for?

Health Information Management

what does EHR stand for?

Electronic Health Record

what does RIS stand for?

radiology information system; manages imaging workflows

what does PACS stand for?

Picture Archiving and Communication System; manages images

what is DICOM?

standard for formatting and exchanging medical images and related data

what is HL7?

standard for exchanging clinical and administrative information

what is the purpose of the MPI

link patient encounters and prevent duplicate or mismatched records

what does ICD-10-CM identify?

patient diagnoses and symptoms; why the exam was performed

what does CPT identify?

procedures and services; what was performed

what is medical necessity?

clinical justification for an examination or treatment

a tech threatens to strap down a frightened child. what tort?

Assault - if the threat creates reasonable fear of immediate harmful contact

a patient refuses an X-ray, but the tech performs it. what tort?

battery - valid consent was absent

a tech locks a patient in an exam room. what tort?

false imprisonment - if confinement lacks legal justification

a tech falsely tells co workers a patient was drunk. what tort?

Slander - a form of spoken defamation

a tech posts a false damaging accusation online. what tech?

Libel - a form of written or published defamation

a facility bills for four X-ray views but performs one. what tort?

fraud - if the misrepresentation was intentional

a patient falls after a tech fails to raise stretcher rails. what concept?

negligence - evaluate duty, breach, injury, and causation

a hospital is sued for its employed tech’s negligent action. doctrine?

respondeat superior

a patient is injured by a table management failed to repair. doctrine?

corporate liability

an injury ordinarily would not occur without negligence. doctrine?

Res Ipsa Loquitur - when the other requirements are met

a patient rolls up their sleeve for an injection. consent type?

implied consent - through voluntary actions

a patient says “yes, you can take my X-ray”. consent type?

Expressed consent.

a patient signs after understanding biopsy risk and alternatives. consent?

informed consent

a patient withdraws consent during a procedure. what right applies?

patient autonomy and the right to refuse further treatment

a tech opens a celebrity’s chart out of curiosity. what violation?

unauthorized access to protected health information

a radiology department schedules exams and tracks reports. which system?

RIS - Radiology Information System

a tech retrieves previous chest X-ray images. Which system?

PACS - picture archiving and communication system

a CT scanner sends images using a standard format. which standard?

DICOM

an EHR sends order and demographic messages to RIS. which standard?

HL7