Natural Resource - Exam 1: Section 1 (past, present, future)

What is wilderness?

no mechanized vehicles or tools, humans can go but can not stay. Highest form of preservation in the united states

NRCS

National Resource Conservation Service

• originally soil conservation service

What is a natural resource?

raw materials used to satisfy the needs of humans

1700s - 1800s

westward expansion and colonization

this created a false social construct of a “new world”/wilderness to be dominated

idea that there is an endless supply of resources

frontier ethic

tame/ conquer the wilderness"; humans are above nature; commodification of nature

land ethic (Aldo Leopold)

thinking about the land as the relationships between everything in the ecosystem; it is it’s own being

gilded age

people getting very rich during revolution and civil war

exploitation of resources for the war

Jupiter and the 119

train from the east to west coast that changed the way that resources are trasnported across the states

Collaborative management

working with stakeholders to manage resources

what counts as a stakeholder

tribes, corps, ranchers, farmers, land owners, etc.

first national recourse inventory

created by Teddy Roosevelt to determine a baseline of out national resouces

utilitarian conservation

multiple use and protecting resources for human use and benefit

Franklin D Roosevelt

was president during the dustbowl and very environmentally focussed

2nd natrual resources inventory (1934)

determined that we are losing resources faster than they replenish naturally

Taylor Grazing Act (1934)

to protect ranching lands, this act bcomes the BLM

BLM

manages and sustains public lands for the use of people

grazing, recreation, agriculture, water, etc.

CCC

Civilian conservation Corp

What did the CCC do

created jobs for over 600,000 men during great depression working on public lands

was eventually defunded when the war started in 1949 because they needed more soldiers

TVA

Tennesse Valley Authority (1933)

what is the TVA

integration of natural resource management into river basin

today a governemental energy agency

Praire States forestry project (1934)

in response to the dust bowl they planted tree barriers to try and slow down/stop wind erosion

Soil Conservation Service (SCS 1935)

they do not manage their own land, they mostly work with private land owners to help with conservation on private lands

they do soil mapping, create conservation plans, and land use goals with farmers and ranchers

STAR program for soil health

through SCS, it is a guide for agriculture to use their land better, protects working lands for food security

modern environmentalism (inspired by rachel carson)

new idea to the public that environmental degradation is actually bad for us

EPA - environmental protection agency

created to protect the people from pollution with clean resources

clean water, air, and land

fourth wave

80s to present and all about globalization and collaboration on big issues

sustainability and indigenous land education

factors of the indigenous stewardship model

1. maximum sustainable yield

2. Government understanding equitable distribution of goods as socialism

3. Indigenous model

4. More involvement in the community

5. constructing common language between the two sides

Maximum sustainable yield

overfishing/hunting/harvesting to the point that resources can still replenish themselves but we should be using less than the maximum sustainable yield to sustain the health of the land

Equitable distribution of goods as socialism

sharing goods means less commodification of the goods that they profit off of

indigenous model

resources are meant to be shared within communities because they take care of each other and avoid tragedy of the commons

common language

common language between western and indigenous science leads to understanding and collaborative management of resources

Traditional Knowledge

deeply lived local knowledge and understanding of land and nature with less seperation of self and nature

Exploitation (rm strategies)

taking as much as possible for profit $

preservation (rm strategies)

saving for not profit and for no use

conservation

utilizing resources while sustaining the environment and working with it

utilitarian conservation

for the use of the people (anthropocentric)

sustainable approach conservation

ecosystem management - managing system as a whole

adaptive management - changing strategies based on the changing environment

collaborative management - working with stakeholders to manage in the best way possible