September 2: 711 - The Umayyad Invasion and its Aftermath

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Last updated 8:02 AM on 10/16/26
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1
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711 - Tariq’s Invasion 

A military leader named Tariq from Tangier led force of 2000 troops across strait of Gibraltar for the Umayyad caliphate. Beginning of Umayyad and Muslim control in Iberian peninsula

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">A military leader named Tariq from Tangier led force of 2000 troops across strait of Gibraltar for the Umayyad caliphate. Beginning of Umayyad and Muslim control in Iberian peninsula </span></p>
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718 or 722 - Battle of Covadonga

Romano-visigothic man named Pelayo led small group in battle to victory. Umayyads did not establish control over the north

<p><span style="background-color: transparent;">Romano-visigothic man named Pelayo led small group in battle to victory. Umayyads did not establish control over the north </span></p>
3
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756 - Abd al Rahman made Emir

Umayyad caliphs overthrown in Damascus, Abd al Rahman ecapes to Iberia where he is made emir. Rules for 22 years and consolidated Muslim control in peninsula

<p>Umayyad caliphs overthrown in Damascus, Abd al Rahman ecapes to Iberia where he is made emir. Rules for 22 years and consolidated Muslim control in peninsula </p>
4
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Umayyad Caliphate 

What: First hereditary Muslim Dysnasty of Caliphs


When: Established in 661


Where: Began in Damascus, after overthrow there the last remaining member fled to Spain


Significance: They spread Islam across the Middle East and Mediterranean, destroying and changing societies with it. Within Spain, they were able to launch a nearly complete takeover of the peninsula very quickly (5 years) unlike other groups, and helped establish Islamic influence.

<p>What: First hereditary Muslim Dysnasty of Caliphs </p><p></p><p>When: Established in 661</p><p></p><p>Where: Began in Damascus, after overthrow there the last remaining member fled to Spain </p><p></p><p>Significance: They spread Islam across the Middle East and Mediterranean, destroying and changing societies with it. Within Spain, they were able to launch a nearly complete takeover of the peninsula very quickly (5 years) unlike other groups, and helped establish Islamic influence. </p>
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Dhimmi

What: For non-Muslims living in Islamic state, they have lesser or second class status and had to pay a tax, but they still got benefits like being under own laws, toleration of their religion, etc.


Where: Spain under Umayyad caliphate


Signifiance: Despite being accepting of other religions, the government gave greater priveledge to Muslims. After the conquest this is one of the first examples of medieval multicultural societies and how governing bodies deal with that.

<p>What: For non-Muslims living in Islamic state, they have lesser or second class status and had to pay a tax, but they still got benefits like being under own laws, toleration of their religion, etc. </p><p></p><p>Where: Spain under Umayyad caliphate</p><p></p><p>Signifiance: Despite being accepting of other religions, the government gave greater priveledge to Muslims. After the conquest this is one of the first examples of medieval multicultural societies and how governing bodies deal with that. </p>
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Jizya

What: Special tax for non-muslims


Where: Spain under Umayyad caliphate


Signifiance: This tax was recognition of second class status.

<p>What: Special tax for non-muslims</p><p></p><p>Where: Spain under Umayyad caliphate</p><p></p><p>Signifiance: This tax was recognition of second class status.</p>