Unit 12: Friends and Relations

apologise (v)

(v) xin lỗi

• apologize to sb for N/doing sth (xin lỗi ai về việc gì)

• sincerely apologize

• apologize for a mistake/delay

Ex: I apologized to her for lying to her.

boyfriend (n)

(n) bạn trai

close (adj, v)

(v) đóng, khép; (adj) gần gũi, thân thiết, gần về khoảng cách

Collocations: close friends/family; a close relationship; become/be close to sb; a close bond

confident (adj)

(adj) tự tin

= self-assured = self-confident = convinced = certain

>< insecure / timid

Collocations:

be confident about sth

be confident in sb/sth

confident attitude/smile

cool (adj)

(adj) mát mẻ, ngầu, tuyệt vời

couple (n)

(n) cặp đôi

Collocations: a married couple; a happy couple; a power couple

decorate (v)

trang trí (= ornament = adorn = embellish)

Collocations:

decorate sth with sth

decorate sth in + style/color

decorate sth for sth

Ex: We decorate our classroom with balloons.

defend (v)

(v) biện hộ, bảo vệ, bào chữa, chống lại sự tấn công

= protect = support = guard = advocate

>< attack

Collocations:

defend sb/sth against/from sth

defend yourself

Ex: This vaccine helps defend the body against infection.

divorced (adj)

(adj) đã ly hôn | Collocations: the divorced couple

flat (n, adj)

(n) căn hộ (= apartment); (adj) bằng phẳng

generous (adj)

(adj) hào phóng, rộng lượng, bao dung

= giving = kind = charitable = open-handed

>< mean / stingy / selfish

Collocations:

be generous with/to sb

It's generous of someone to do sth

Ex: It's generous of you to help me.

girlfriend (n)

(n) bạn gái

grateful (adj)

(adj) biết ơn, cảm kích

be grateful to sb for sth

guest (n)

(n) khách, khách mời

independent (adj)

(adj) độc lập (= self-reliant >< dependent)

be independent of/from sth

be independent in sth

financially/economically independent

live independently

Ex: She is independent in her thinking.

introduce (v)

(v) giới thiệu | Collocations: introduce myself

loving (adj)

(adj) yêu thương, trìu mến, ân cần

= affectionate = warm-hearted = caring

Collocations:

be loving towards sb

a loving family/relationship/smile

loyal (adj)

(adj) trung thành (= faithful = devoted >< disloyal)

Collocations:

be loyal to sb;

remain/stay loyal to sb/sth;

loyal friend/customer

mood (n)

(n) tâm trạng, cảm xúc (= feeling = state of mind)

Collocations:

be in the mood for sth/doing sth (có hứng làm gì)

be in a bad/good mood;

mood swings (tâm trạng thất thường)

neighborhood (n)

(n) hàng xóm, khu vực lân cận

ordinary (adj)

(adj) bình thường, tầm thường (>< extraordinary)

Collocations: an ordinary life/person/day

patient (adj, n)

(adj) kiên nhẫn (= tolerant); (n) bệnh nhân

Collocations: be patient with sb; lose patience

Ex: He is patient enough to listen to her story.

private (adj)

(adj) riêng tư, cá nhân (>< public)

recognise (v)

(v) nhận ra (= identify = realise = acknowledge = admit)

>< ignore / deny

Collocations: recognise sb / sb's voice

relation (n)

(n) mối quan hệ giữa người với người; mối liên hệ giữa các sự vật; người thân, họ hàng | Collocations:

relation between A and B;

in relation to (xét về, liên quan đến);

family relations

rent (v, n)

(v) thuê, cho thuê; (n) tiền thuê (= lease = hire)

Collocations:

pay $500 in rent;

rent sth (rent a house/flat/room/car)

respect (v, n)

(v, n) tôn trọng, kính trọng (= esteem = honor >< disrespect)

Collocations:

respect sb for sth;

show respect for sb/sth

single (adj, n)

(adj) đơn thân, độc thân; đơn lẻ

stranger (n)

(n) người lạ

trust (v, n)

(v, n) tin tưởng, sự tin tưởng

bring up (phr v)

nuôi dưỡng (a child/family)

bắt đầu đề cập tới một chủ đề (a topic/issue/problem)

Ex: My parents brought me up to be honest.

She's always bringing up her health problems.

fall out (with) (phr v)

cãi nhau với ai và ngừng làm bạn

(= have an argument with = quarrel with) >< make up with = reconcile with

fall out with sb

fall out over/about sth

They fell out over money but made up a week later.

get on (with) (phr v)

hòa hợp, có mối quan hệ tốt với ai

(= get along with = have a good relationship with = be on good terms with)

Idiom: get on like a house on fire (cực kỳ hợp nhau)

Do you get along with your new classmates?

go out with (phr v)

hẹn hò, có mối quan hệ tình cảm với ai (= date sb = be in a relationship with sb = go on a date with sb) | Ví dụ: They started going out when they were at university.

grow up

(phr v) lớn lên, trưởng thành (từ trẻ con thành người lớn; cư xử chín chắn hơn) | Ví dụ: I grew up in a small village. / You need to grow up and take responsibility.

let down

(phr v) làm ai đó thất vọng (= disappoint sb >< satisfy = meet sb's expectations) | Collocations: let your parents/team down; let sb down badly | Ví dụ: He let the team down by arriving late.

look after

(phr v) chăm sóc, trông nom (= take care of = care for) | Collocations: look after a child/pet/yourself | Ví dụ: You should look after yourself when you're sick.

split up (with)

(phr v) chia tay, kết thúc mối quan hệ tình cảm (= break up = end a relationship = separate) | Ví dụ: They split up after being together for years.

by yourself

(prep phr) một mình, tự mình, không có sự trợ giúp (= alone = on your own = independently = without help) | Ví dụ: Did you do the homework by yourself?

in common (with)

(prep phr) có điểm chung về sở thích, tính cách, quan điểm (= be alike >< have nothing in common = be different from) | Ví dụ: I have a lot in common with my sister.

in contact (with)

(prep phr) giữ liên lạc, giao tiếp thường xuyên (= in touch with = keep/stay in touch with >< lose contact/touch with) | Ví dụ: I still keep in contact with my old friends.

in love (with) (prep phr)

yêu, phải lòng ai

(= love sb = be romantically involved with sb = have feelings for sb = be head over heels in love) They fell in love with each other at university.

on purpose (prep phr)

cố tình, cố ý, có kế hoạch

(= deliberately = intentionally = purposely)

>< by accident = accidentally = unintentionally = by mistake

He broke the glass on purpose.

on your own (prep phr)

tự mình, một mình, tự lập (= by yourself = alone = independently = without help)

I learned English on my own.

She lives on her own in London.

able (adj)

• unable (adj) không thể;

• ability (n) khả năng, năng lực;

• disabled (adj) khuyết tật, tàn tật

She was unable to attend the meeting.

He has the ability to solve difficult problems.

admire (v)

• admiration (n) sự ngưỡng mộ;

• admirable (adj) đáng ngưỡng mộ;

• admirer (n) người ngưỡng mộ

I have great admiration for my mother.

Her honesty is admirable.

care (n, v)

• careful (adj) cẩn thận;

• carefully (adv) một cách cẩn thận;

• careless (adj) bất cẩn;

• carelessly (adv) một cách bất cẩn;

• carelessness (n) sự bất cẩn

Be careful when you cross the road.

His carelessness caused a serious problem.

confident (adj)

• confidence (n) sự tự tin;

• confidently (adv) một cách tự tin

She has confidence in her English skills.

He answered the question confidently.

forgive (v)

• forgiveness (n) sự tha thứ;

• forgiving (adj) vị tha, khoan dung;

• unforgiving (adj) không khoan dung, khắc nghiệt

Offer forgiveness.

She is a forgiving person.

honest (adj)

• honesty (n) sự trung thực;

• honestly (adv) thành thật mà nói;

• dishonest (adj) không trung thực;

• dishonesty (n) sự thiếu trung thực

Honesty is important.

To be honest, I don't like this idea.

introduce (v)

introduction (n) sự giới thiệu, lời mở đầu

lie (v, n)

• liar (n) kẻ nói dối;

• lying (n) việc nói dối;

• white lie (n) lời nói dối chân thật/vô hại

Nobody trusts a liar.

Lying can damage a friendship.

person (n)

• personal (adj) thuộc về cá nhân;

• personally (adv) theo ý kiến cá nhân;

• personality (n) tính cách, nhân cách

This is my personal opinion.

She has a friendly personality.

relate (v)

• relation (n) mối liên hệ;

• relationship (n) mối quan hệ;

• related (adj) có liên quan/họ hàng;

• relative (n) họ hàng;

• relatively (adv) tương đối;

• unrelated (adj) không liên quan

There is a close relation between diet and health.

fond of

thích, mến ai/cái gì

Cấu trúc: S + be + fond of + N/V-ing

Ví dụ:

I'm fond of reading books.

She is fond of animals.

jealous of

ghen tị với ai/cái gì

Cấu trúc: S + be + jealous of + N/pronoun

Ví dụ: He is jealous of his brother's success.

kind to

tử tế, tốt bụng với ai

Cấu trúc: S + be + kind to + sb

Ví dụ: She is always kind to animals.

married to

kết hôn, làm vợ/chồng của ai

Cấu trúc: be/get married to sb

Ví dụ: She is married to a doctor.

They got married last year.

proud of

tự hào về ai/cái gì

Cấu trúc: S + be + proud of + N/V-ing

Ví dụ: I'm proud of my achievements.

He is proud of winning the competition.

admire sb for sth

ngưỡng mộ ai vì điều gì

Cấu trúc: admire sb for N/V-ing

Ví dụ: I admire her for her honesty.

We admire our teacher for her patience.

apologise (to sb) for sth

xin lỗi (ai) vì điều gì

Cấu trúc: apologise to sb for N/V-ing

Ví dụ: He apologised to me for being late.

You should apologise to your teacher.

argue (with sb) about sth

tranh cãi (với ai) về việc gì

Cấu trúc: argue with sb about sth

Ví dụ:

They argued about money.

I often argue with my brother about housework.

care about

quan tâm, để ý đến ai/cái gì

Cấu trúc: care about sb/sth

Ví dụ: She really cares about her friends.

He cares about the environment.

chat (to/with sb) about sth

trò chuyện (với ai) về việc gì

Cấu trúc: chat to/with sb about sth

Ví dụ: I chatted to Anna about our holiday.

an argument (with sb) about sth

cuộc tranh cãi (với ai) về việc gì

Cấu trúc: have an argument with sb about sth

Ví dụ: She had an argument with her brother about money.

a relationship with

mối quan hệ với ai

Cấu trúc: have a relationship with sb

Ví dụ: He has a good relationship with his parents.