BIO EXAM#2

true

Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

brown fat

Special fat cells that make HEAT energy instead of ATP energy from food molecules. 

copd

is a combination of Emphysema and Chronic bronchitis (inflammation of bronchioles). Airways become narrowed making it difficult to breathe. 

true

Apical meristems block the growth of lateral meristems.

Premature ventricular contractions

Name for a too-early heartbeat that feels like extra heartbeats.

sensitive period

is the name for the limited phase during development when imprinting takes place.

True

There are NO biological races of Humans.

Post-transcriptional editing

'Splicing' is another name for

Hemophilia

A hereditary condition where people have trouble forming blood clots. 

Dark reactions

Which set of reactions make sugar molecules during photosynthesis?

inbreeding depression

Decreased fitness from breeding individuals that are too closely related is called

True

Genetic variation within Human populations is greater than genetic divergence between Human populations.

rye

Triticale is a hybrid between wheat and _____.

Abscisic acid

____ stops plant growth. Causes dormancy. Help plants cope with environmental stresses like drought, salt. 

exocrine

An _____ gland secretes hormones into a duct that leads OUTSIDE body. Examples are Sweat / Salivary glands.

Evolutionarily stable strategy

An inherited behavior that yields the best fitness as long as most/all members of the population adopt it. 

outbreeding depression

Decreased fitness breeding individuals that are too genetically different is called _____ _____.

dka

_____ _____ occurs because Insulin levels are too low, the body cannot use sugar, and the body uses fat as fuel instead. 

emphysema

_____ is an irreversible degenerative disease that is a loss of elasticity in the small airways (alveoli). The result is that the small airways collapse during exhalation. Smoking is a leading cause.

Homo erectus

Which was the first species in the genus Homo to leave Africa?

hormone

A _____ is a chemical produced by one cell that controls the activity of other cells.

endemic

_____ means restricted to a certain (geographic) area.

false

Only males produce Testosterone and only females produce estrogen.

Ghrelin

_____ is a starvation resistance hormone and is secreted by stomach and the Hypothalamus. It makes you hungry and prevents burning body fat.  

true

For territorial behavior to evolve, the benefits of exclusive use must outweigh the cost of defending the territory. 

kin selection

_____ _____ refers to behaviors or strategies that help genetic relatives survive, even if it reduces your fitness. 

false

In an open circulatory system, blood never leaves blood vessels.

adrenal

The _____ gland produces the stress response hormones.

thyroid

The _____ gland controls metabolism and blood calcium levels

stem tubers

Idaho Potatoes and Yams are examples of.....

Rubisco

_____ is the name of the enzyme, made by plants, that grabs CO₂ to start making sugars.

Embolism

When a plaque or thrombus breaks free and moves to another area.

Pneumatophores

_____ is the name for root tissue that grows above water allowing water plant roots to respire. 

convection

_____ is heat exchange between a solid and a moving liquid or gas. 

pineal

The _____ gland has receptors in your eyes and makes the hormone that regulates sleep / wake cycles (circadian rhythms).

blood doping

_____ _____ is the name for artificially increasing red blood cell count before competition to gain an advantage.

Navigation

knowing where you are and where you want to go is called _____.

Oligomycin

Which poison below blocks the proton channel in ATP synthase?

true

Many reproductive isolation genes are under Positive selection.

true

NADH is an electron and hydrogen ion carrier.

true

ALS, or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis is a mitochondrial disease.

behavioral ecology

Study of the adaptive significance of behavior is called _____ _____.

Spiracles

The name for the portholes on the outside of the insect’s body for gas exchange.

type 1 diabetes

When the Immune system destroys pancreatic cells that make Insulin (Juvenile Diabetes).

true

Many genes involved in reproductive isolation appear to be involved in making transcriptional regulators.

Eukarya

What Domain do Humans belong to?

convergent evolution

American and African vultures are not related, but evolved same the vulture characters independently. This is an example of _____ _____.

pneumonia

_____ is an inflammation of the lungs that leads to an accumulation of fluid and impairs lung function.

Xylem, phloem

____ transports water and ____ transports food in plants.

true

Animals cannot enter and exit Hibernation easily.

a1c

An ____ ____ is a test for checking the sugar on red blood cells to get an average glucose level in your bloodstream over several months. 

stroke

A _____ is a localized brain Ischemia that kills brain cells often on one side of the brain only.

amatoxins

Name the poison, found in Mushrooms, that blocks RNA Polymerase _____.

hepatitis

_____ is the name for an inflammation of the Liver.

dialysis

_____ is the name for mechanically cleaning the blood of excess salts and toxins and regulating water balance. 

false

ATP synthase is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.

500,000 years

How old are the oldest known stone-tipped weapons?

true

When water evaporates off the skin it takes heat with it.

extirpate

_____ means does not exist in a location (locally extinct), but is still present in others. 

mesothelioma

_____ is a cancer in the lining of the lungs, not inside the lungs, that is associated only with Asbestos insulation. 

true

Mitochondria accidentaly produce free oxygen radicals as a result of aerobic respiration.

iodine

Without _____ in your diet, you cannot make the hormone Thyroxine and you could develop a goiter.

Heterosis

Increased fitness from breeding genetically different individuals is called _____.

true

Phloem is alive at maturity, but Xylem is dead at maturity.

false

Yeast use Lactate Fermentation to ferment sugars to make alcohol and bread.

vasodilation

_____ is the name for when a blood vessel muscle relaxes, the vessel gets bigger, and blood pressure goes down.

polyploidy

The formation of new species by increasing the number of chromosomes is called _______.

true

For territorial behavior to evolve, the benefits of exclusive use must outweigh the cost of defending the territory. 

primates

What Order do Humans belong to?

homology

_____ describes when organisms are similar because they are closely related.

Heart murmur

Abnormal sounds heard during heartbeat. Often caused by a leaking valve. Common.

true

The pancreas makes both Insulin and Glucagon

Haldane's rule

If in the offspring of two different species one sex is absent, rare, or sterile, that sex is the heterogametic sex. 

Arteriosclerosis

_____ is the hardening of artery walls. Vessel walls lose elasticity and can’t handle blood pressure.

adaptive radiation

_____ _____ is when one species evolves into many species in a short time period, filling multiple niches.

true

The risk of a stroke is about 2-7 times greater if you have an Atrial Fibrillation (AFib).

100,000 years ago

How long ago did some Homo sapiens populations leave Africa?

Fixed action pattern

A sequence of innate behaviors that, once started, cannot be stopped.

Pheophytin

_____ is the accessory pigment that reflects gray and brown colors and helps capture electrons in Photosynthesis. 

transpiration

____ is the process of Water movement through a plant from its Roots to eventual evaporation from Leaves and Stems.

serine

Using your codon table, what amino acid is coded for by the following DNA sequence: AGT

arginine

Using your codon table, what amino acid is coded for by the following mRNA sequence: AGA

Africa

Where is Human genetic variation the greatest?

photorespiration

_____ is when Rubisco acts on Oxygen instead of Carbon Dioxide.

optimal foraging theory

_____ _____ _____ is selection favoring foraging/feeding behavior that is as efficient as possible. 

proline

Using your codon table, what amino acid is coded for by the following mRNA sequence: CCC

apomorphy

When building an evolutionary tree, a character found in only one species is called an ______.

behavioral ecology

Study of the adaptive significance of behavior is called _____ _____

intercalary meristem

_____ _____ is meristematic tissues at the internodes or base of leaf blades.

ATP only

Cyclic Photophosphorylation produces _____.

leptin

_____ is a starvation resistance hormone and is made by fat cells when fat cells are full of fat. It blocks hunger.

antisense transcript

The mRNA that is not transcribed, but could function in gene regulation is called the _____ _____.

Proximate cause

immediate cause of the behavior response such as an increase in melatonin hormone triggers sleepiness. 

36

How many total ATP are produced by aerobic respiration?

SIDS

_____ occurs in infants and is when the infant stops breathing because the brain has trouble reading CO₂ levels properly.

pituitary

The _____ gland is the name of the gland that stores ADH and Oxytocin and produces Human Growth Hormone.

All of these species

The Eastern Coyote contains DNA from which of the following species?

Ischemia

The name for a problem with blood quantity, not quality. 

True

Oxygen diffuses faster in Air than in Water.

lactic acidosis

_____ _____ is a physiological condition in which a person’s body is not breaking down Lactic acid and results in blood pH too low.