NRSG2222: EXAM 2 MASTER DECK

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250 Terms

1
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What are the five basic medication administration rights?

• Right patient

• medication

• dose

• route

• time.

2
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What additional medication rights should the nurse consider?

• Right reason

• assessment

• documentation

• education

• response

• refusal.

3
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How many patient identifiers should the nurse use?
At least two approved identifiers.
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Which patient identifiers are commonly used?
Full name and date of birth, or medical record number.
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Can a room number be used as a patient identifier?
No. Room numbers are not acceptable identifiers.
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What should the nurse do if a patient cannot state their name?
Verify identity using the facility's approved identification process.
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What is the purpose of barcode medication administration?
To help verify the correct patient and medication.
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What should the nurse check before administering medication?
• The order; • MAR; • patient identity; • allergies; • medication; • dose; • route; • timing.
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What is the MAR?
• The Medication Administration Record; it documents medications given; • withheld; • or refused.
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What should the nurse do if a medication order is unclear?
Hold the medication and clarify the order with the prescriber.
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What should the nurse do if a patient refuses medication?
• Respect the refusal; • assess the reason; • educate; • document it.
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Should a nurse force a patient to take a medication?
No. The patient has the right to refuse.
13
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What should the nurse do after a medication error?
• Assess the patient; • protect their safety; • notify the appropriate provider; • follow reporting policy.
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What is the purpose of documenting medication administration?
To provide an accurate record of care and support continuity and safety.
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When should the nurse document a medication?
After administering it, according to facility policy.
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What are the three medication checks?
• When retrieving the medication; • during preparation; • immediately before administration.
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When is the first medication check performed?
When retrieving the medication from storage.
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When is the second medication check performed?
During preparation, such as before pouring or drawing up the medication.
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When is the third medication check performed?
Immediately before administering the medication.
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What information should a complete medication order include?
• Patient name; • date/time; • medication; • dose; • route; • frequency; • prescriber signature.
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What is a routine medication order?
An order given on a regular schedule until discontinued or otherwise limited.
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What is a standing medication order?
An order to administer a medication under a defined clinical situation.
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What is a PRN medication order?
An order for a medication given as needed.
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What must a PRN order include?
The reason or indication and the minimum interval between doses.
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What is a one-time medication order?
An order for one administration only.
26
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What does a STAT medication order mean?
Give one dose immediately.
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What does the abbreviation PRN mean?
As needed.
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What does q6h mean?
Every 6 hours.
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What does q8h mean?
Every 8 hours.
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What does q12h mean?
Every 12 hours.
31
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Why should nurses avoid unsafe medication abbreviations?
They can be misread and cause medication errors.
32
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What should be written instead of U or u?
Unit.
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What should be written instead of IU?
International Unit.
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What should be written instead of QD?
Daily.
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What should be written instead of QOD?
Every other day.
36
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Why should MS or MSO4 not be used?
They can be confused with other medications; write the full medication name.
37
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What is the rule for a leading zero?
Use a zero before a decimal amount less than one, such as 0.5 mg.
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What is the rule for a trailing zero?
Never use a trailing zero; write 2 mg, not 2.0 mg.
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Why is a trailing zero dangerous?
It may be misread and result in a tenfold dosing error.
40
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Why is a leading zero important?
It prevents a decimal dose from being overlooked.
41
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What is a controlled substance?
A medication regulated because of its potential for misuse or dependence.
42
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What must be documented when administering a controlled substance?
• The patient; • medication amount; • time; • prescribing provider; • administering nurse.
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What should happen when a portion of a controlled medication is unused?
The waste must be witnessed and documented according to facility policy.
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What is the nurse's responsibility when wasting a controlled substance?
Follow facility policy and obtain the required second-nurse witness.
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What is the safest action if the medication label does not match the MAR?
Stop and resolve the discrepancy before administration.
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What should the nurse assess before giving a medication?
• Relevant allergies; • vital signs; • laboratory values; • symptoms; • other medication-specific data.
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Why should allergies be checked before medication administration?
To reduce the risk of an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis.
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What should the nurse do if a patient reports a medication allergy?
• Clarify the reaction; • document it; • verify medication safety before administration.
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What is the difference between a side effect and an adverse reaction?
A side effect is an expected secondary effect; an adverse reaction is harmful or unintended.
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What should the nurse do if a patient develops a serious adverse reaction?
• Stop or hold the medication as appropriate; • assess the patient; • seek immediate help.
51
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What does oral medication administration mean?
The medication is taken by mouth and swallowed.
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What does enteral administration mean?
Medication is delivered through the gastrointestinal tract, such as through a feeding tube.
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What does sublingual mean?
Under the tongue.
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What does buccal mean?
Between the cheek and gum.
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Where should a sublingual medication dissolve?
Under the tongue.
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Should a sublingual medication be swallowed immediately?
No. It should dissolve under the tongue as directed.
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Where is a buccal medication placed?
Between the cheek and gum.
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What is a tablet?
A solid medication form intended to be taken by a specified route.
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What is a capsule?
A medication enclosed in a dissolvable shell.
60
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What is a suspension?
A liquid medication containing particles that are dispersed in the liquid.
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Why should a suspension be shaken when directed?
To distribute the medication evenly before measuring a dose.
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What is an elixir?
A sweetened liquid medication, often containing alcohol.
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What is a syrup?
A concentrated, sweetened liquid medication.
64
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What should be used to measure liquid medication accurately?
A calibrated medication cup or oral syringe.
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Why should household teaspoons not be used to measure medication?
Household spoons are not standardized and can cause inaccurate dosing.
66
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Can a scored tablet sometimes be split?
Yes, if the medication is appropriate to split and the order permits it.
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Should an unscored tablet automatically be split?
No. Verify that it is safe and appropriate before splitting.
68
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What does enteric-coated mean?
The tablet has a coating designed to prevent dissolution in the stomach.
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Should enteric-coated tablets be crushed?
No. Crushing destroys the protective coating.
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What do XR, ER, XL, and SR commonly indicate?
Extended- or sustained-release formulations.
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Should extended-release tablets be crushed?
No. Crushing can release medication too quickly.
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What should the nurse do if a patient cannot swallow a prescribed tablet?
Check whether an alternative formulation is available and clarify before altering the medication.
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What is the purpose of patient medication education?
• To help the patient understand safe use; • expected effects; • when to seek help.
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What should the nurse do after administering a medication?
Document it and assess the patient's response when appropriate.
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What should the nurse do if a medication is not available?
Do not substitute another medication independently; clarify and follow facility policy.
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What does kg stand for?
Kilogram.
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How many grams are in 1 kilogram?
1,000 grams.
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How many milligrams are in 1 gram?
1,000 milligrams.
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How many micrograms are in 1 milligram?
1,000 micrograms.
80
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How many milliliters are in 1 liter?
1,000 mL.
81
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How many milliliters are in 1 teaspoon?
5 mL.
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How many milliliters are in 1 tablespoon?
15 mL.
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How many teaspoons are in 1 tablespoon?
3 teaspoons.
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How many milliliters are in 1 fluid ounce?
Approximately 30 mL.
85
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How many milliliters are in 1 cup?
Approximately 240 mL for an 8-ounce cup.
86
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How many pounds equal 1 kilogram?
Approximately 2.2 pounds.
87
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How do you convert pounds to kilograms?
Divide pounds by 2.2.
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How do you convert kilograms to pounds?
Multiply kilograms by 2.2.
89
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A patient weighs 44 lb. What is the weight in kg?
20 kg (44 ÷ 2.2).
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A patient weighs 22 lb. What is the weight in kg?
10 kg (22 ÷ 2.2).
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What is the D/H × Q formula used for?
Calculating the amount of medication to administer.
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What does D represent in D/H × Q?
Desired dose or dose ordered.
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What does H represent in D/H × Q?
Dose on hand.
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What does Q represent in D/H × Q?
Quantity containing the dose on hand.
95
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What is the formula for calculating the amount to administer?
Desired dose ÷ dose on hand × quantity.
96
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What must be done before using D/H × Q?
Convert the desired dose and dose on hand to the same units.
97
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The order is 500 mg; tablets contain 250 mg each. How many tablets are given?
2 tablets.
98
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The order is 250 mg; tablets contain 500 mg each. How many tablets are given?
0.5 tablet, if the tablet can safely be split.
99
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The order is 125 mg; liquid contains 250 mg per 5 mL. How many mL are given?
2.5 mL.
100
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The order is 3 teaspoons. How many mL should the nurse administer?
15 mL (3 × 5 mL).