TAJWEED IntermEDIATE

Noon Sakinah

A Noon that has no vowel (Fatḥah, Kasrah, or Ḍammah). It remains without a vowel when stopping and when continuing. It is written and pronounced.

Tanween

A non-voweled Noon added to the end of a noun. It is pronounced but not written as Noon and disappears when stopping.

Rules of Noon Sakinah and Tanween

There are 4 rules: Iẓhār, Idghām, Iqlāb, Ikhfā’.

Iẓhār

Linguistically means clarifying.

Definition of Iẓhār in Tajweed

Pronouncing Noon Sakinah or Tanween clearly from its articulation point without merging or hiding.

Letters causing Iẓhār

ء هـ ع ح غ خ

Levels of Iẓhār

3 Levels: High (أعلى), Middle (أوسط), Low (أدنى).

High level Iẓhār letters

ء هـ. Example: مِنْ هَادٍ.

Middle level Iẓhār letters

ع ح. Example: مَنْ عَمِلَ.

Low level Iẓhār letters

غ خ. Example: مِنْ غِلٍّ.

Idghām

Linguistically means merging.

Definition of Idghām in Tajweed

Merging one letter into another so only the second emphasized letter is pronounced.

Idghām letters

يرملون

Idghām with Ghunnah letters

ينمو

Idghām without Ghunnah letters

ل ر.

Complete Idghām with Ghunnah

Letters: ن م. Example: مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ.

Incomplete Idghām with Ghunnah

Letters: و ي. Example: مِنْ وَالٍ.

Complete Idghām without Ghunnah

Letters: ل ر. Example: مِنْ رَبِّهِم.

Iqlāb

Linguistically means to change something.

Definition of Iqlāb in Tajweed

Changing Noon Sakinah or Tanween into a hidden Meem with Ghunnah.

Letter causing Iqlāb

ب.

Example of Iqlāb

مِنْ بَعْدِ. Pronounced: مِمْ بَعْدِ.

Ikhfā’

Linguistically means to hide something.

Definition of Ikhfā’ in Tajweed

Pronouncing the Noon between Iẓhār and Idghām so only the Ghunnah remains.

Number of Ikhfā’ letters

15.

Strongest Ikhfā’ letters

ت د ط. Example: مِنْ تَحْتِهَا.

Middle Ikhfā’ letters

ث ج ذ ز س ش ص ض ظ ف. Example: مِنْ شَرٍّ.

Weakest Ikhfā’ letters

ق ك. Example: مِنْ قَبْلُ.

Meem Sakinah

A Meem with Sukoon that remains without a vowel while stopping and continuing.

Number of Meem Sakinah rules

3: Idghām Shafawī, Ikhfā’ Shafawī, Iẓhār Shafawī.

Letter of Idghām Shafawī

م.

Definition of Idghām Shafawī

A Meem Sakinah followed by a voweled Meem merges into one Meem with Ghunnah for 2 counts.

Example of Idghām Shafawī

لَهُمْ مَا.

Characteristics of Idghām Shafawī

Minor, Complete, Labial, With Ghunnah.

Why is it called Minor?

Because the first Meem is Sakinah.

Why is it called Complete?

Because the first Meem disappears completely.

Why is it called Labial?

Because Meem is pronounced with the lips.

Why is it called With Ghunnah?

Because it is held for 2 counts.

Letter of Ikhfā’ Shafawī

ب.

Definition of Ikhfā’ Shafawī

Hide the Meem by weakening the lips and hold Ghunnah for 2 counts.

Example of Ikhfā’ Shafawī

تَرْمِيهِمْ بِحِجَارَةٍ.

Letters of Iẓhār Shafawī

Every letter except م, ب.

Highest level of Iẓhār Shafawī

Before ف, و.

Tafkhīm

Linguistically means to make something thick or heavy.

Definition of Tafkhīm in Tajweed

Making the sound heavy by narrowing the throat and directing the sound upward.

Always heavy letters

خص ضغط قظ.

Strongest level of Tafkhīm

Fatḥah + Alif Madd. Example: قَالَ.

Second level of Tafkhīm

Fatḥah or Sukoon preceded by Fatḥah. Example: قَ.

Third level of Tafkhīm

Ḍammah or Sukoon preceded by Ḍammah. Example: قُ.

Weakest level of Tafkhīm

Kasrah or Sukoon preceded by Kasrah. Example: قِ.

Tarqīq

Linguistically means to make something less dense.

Definition of Tarqīq in Tajweed

Making the sound light without narrowing the throat.

Heavy cases of Rā’

8.

Heavy case 1

Ra Has Fathah رَمَضَان

Heavy Case 2

Ra Sakina’s Preceded by Fathah Example:
الْقَرْ

Heavy Case 3

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Sukoon (not soft Yā’) and before that a Fatḥah Example:
الْعَصْر

Heavy Case 4

Rā’ has Ḍammah. Example:
رُزِقُوا

Heavy Case 5

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Ḍammah. Example:
الْقُرْآن

Heavy Case 6

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Sukoon (not soft Yā’) and before that a Ḍammah. Example:
خُسْر

Heavy Case 7

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Hamzat al-Waṣl which is preceded by Kasrah. Examples:
ارْجِعُوا ارْتَابُوا

Heavy Case 8

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Kasrah and followed by a heavy letter without Kasrah. Examples:
قِرْطَاس

Light cases of Rā’

4.

Light Case 1

Rā’ has Kasrah. Example:
رِزْق

Light Case 2

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Kasrah Example:
فِرْعَوْن

Light Case 3

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Sukoon which is preceded by Kasrah. Example:
حِجْر

Light Case 4

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by a soft Yā’. Examples:
خَيْر

Both ways case of Rā’

2.

Both Ways Case 1

Rā’ Sakinah preceded by Kasrah and followed by a heavy letter with Kasrah. Example:
فِرْقٍ

Both Ways Case 2

Rā’ preceded by a heavy letter with Sukoon that is itself preceded by Kasrah, when stopping. Example:
مِصْر (when stopping)