WFA 4353 Wildlife and Fisheries Policy and Law Enforcement - Exam 2 Review

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering policy, legislative acts, and legal precedents for Exam 2 of Wildlife and Fisheries Policy and Law Enforcement (WFA 4353).

Congressional Sportsmen’s Foundation

An NGO based in Washington D.C. with a 25-person staff nationwide focused on protecting public lands for public access and sporting rights.

The Farm Bill

Federal legislation originally passed in 1933 in response to food prices and soil damage from the Dust Bowl, administered by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service and Farm Service Agency.

Wetland Reserve Program (WRP)

A 1990 Farm Bill conservation program designed to repair, preserve, and improve wetlands on private lands.

Stewardship Incentive Program

A 1990 Farm Bill program designed to encourage forest stewardship on private lands.

Wildlife Habitat Incentives Program (WHIP)

A 1990 Farm Bill program established to repair and improve habitat for fish and wildlife.

Environmental Quality Incentives Program (EQIP)

A 1990 Farm Bill program created to address several conservation issues, including at-risk species.

Grassland Reserve Program (GRP)

A Farm Bill program established to restore and protect grasslands.

Conservation Stewardship Program (CSP)

A Farm Bill program that provides increased funding for conservation practices on active farm land.

Healthy Forests Reserve Program (HFRP)

A program established as part of Title VIII of the Farm Bill that funds forest ecosystem conservation.

MDWFP Administrative Rule

A regulation passed by the MDWFP Commission under the authority of the Mississippi legislature.

Silent Spring

A 1962 book by Rachel Carson that increased public awareness of environmental pollution.

Eutrophication

A process occurring in the Gulf caused by nutrient run-off inducing phytoplankton blooms that die and consume $O_2$.

National Pollution Discharge Elimination System (NPDES)

A regulatory permitting system established under Section 402 of the Clean Water Act to control point-source pollution.

Clean Water Act Section 404

The section of the Clean Water Act governing permitting for wetland fill and mitigation, implemented with the US Army Corps of Engineers under a goal of no net loss of wetlands.

Wetland Mitigation

A compensatory process under Section 404 of paying for wetland restoration to use wetlands elsewhere, based on avoiding, reducing, and replacing wetland loss.

Carabell and Rapanos (2006)

A Supreme Court case involving wetland fill permits where the Court ruled that the Army Corps of Engineers must apply a 'significant nexus test' to prove a water body affects the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of a navigable waterway.

County of Maui v. Hawaii Wildlife Fund (2020)

A Supreme Court ruling determining that discharges of waste into groundwater can change significantly before reaching a navigable waterway and therefore are not all covered by the Clean Water Act.

San Francisco v. EPA (2025)

A Supreme Court decision holding that the EPA must provide specific steps to ensure water quality standards rather than issuing vague requirements for municipalities to maintain water quality.

Coastal Zone Management Act (CZMA) of 1972

A federal law that supports states in balancing environmental protection and development in coastal regions.

Mississippi Coastal Program - Coastal Wetlands Protection Act of 1973

A Mississippi state act that protects coastal wetlands and regulates specific activities within coastal environments.

USFWS National Wildlife Refuge System

A network of lands and waters designated under the National Wildlife Refuge Administration Act of 1966 for conservation and recreation in the United States.

Sikes Act of 1960

Federal legislation directing the conservation and rehabilitation of natural resources on all military installations across the United States.

The Wilderness Act of 1964

A statute establishing the National Wilderness Preservation System, originally designating 54 areas totaling 9.1 million acres.

Roadless Rule

A regulation protecting blocks of US Forest Service land not formally designated as Wilderness from having roads established within them.

30 by 30

An international effort aimed at protecting 30 percent of global land and water by the year 2030.