sp 211 ch. 1 speaking in public

3 types of Public Speeches

Informative / Persuasive / Entertainment

What are the powers of public speaking?

• way of making ideas public

• important for civic engagement

• important for career

Similarities between Public Speaking & Conversation

• both organize thoughts logically

• both tailor the message to audience (through words, how to deliver it, and nonverbal cues/actions)

• both tell stories for maximum impact

• both adapt to feedback (listener to speaker feedback)

Differences between Public Speaking & Conversation

• public speaking is more structured (has a time limit & audience cannot interrupt speaker)

• public speaking has more formal language (no slang, jargon, or bad grammar)

• different methods of delivery in public speaking

How to reduce Stage Fright

• acquire experience

• prepare mentally, physically, emotionally

• use power of visualization

Critical Thinking

focused, organized thinking that involves relationships among ideas, soundness of evidence, and differences between fact & opinion

Speech Communication Process

1. Speaker/Sender (Encodes verbal, visual, vocal cues)

2. Message

3. Channel (where message is “channeled through”

4. Listener (frame of reference / decodes message)

5. Feedback (usually nonverbal)

6. Interference (anything that impedes the listener’s ability to understand the situation / setting)

Frame of Reference

The sum of a person’s knowledge, experience, goals, values, and attitude. Everything is filtered through the listener’s frame of reference and no 2 people will have the same frame of reference.

Ethnocentricism

The belief one’s group or culture is superior to all other groups or cultures.

Avoiding Ethnocentricism

• respect listener’s cultural value

• adapt messages to expectations

• imagine oneself in place of listeners

• be alert of feedback

• listeners must also avoid ethnocentrism

  • be courteous and attentive

  • maintain the free and open expression of ideas

  • do not prejudge the speaker