Cardiac Dysfunctions

ventricle septal defect

abnormal hole between the ventricles, so blood is flow through defect from LV → RV → pulmonary artery → increased pulmonary blood volume in lungs

coarctation of the aorta

localized narrowing, creating obstruction to blood flow; increased pressure and flow proximal and decreased pressure/flow distal

tetralogy of fallot

consists of 4 defects

1) RV hypertrophy → increased workload

2) Aortic displacement → receiving more blood from both ventricles

3) pulmonary stenosis → increased resistance of blood flow to pulmonary artery during systole

4) septal defect → increased circulation of deoxygenated blood

transposition of the great arteries

aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected to the wrong ventricle, creating 2 individual circuits; fatal unless blood can mix

HF/dilated cardiomyopathy

heart can't provide sufficient blood flow to meet body’s metabolic requirements with poor organ perfusion; increased CVP/extra heart sounds

RF/RHD

un/inadequately treated Strep infection can trigger an abnormal immune response → antibodies used to fight infection react with lining of the heart → production of Aschoff bodies from damaged CT → as inflammation heals, leads to fibrosis/scarring of mitral valves and creates new murmur

infective endocarditis

inflammatory process in heart causes microorganisms growth and vegetation on heart valves