History vocab unit 3

Homesteaders

People or families who settled on public land in the west and a goal of establishing farms or home

Exodusters

African Americans that migrated west from the South searching for a refuge from racism + poverty after the collapse of Radical Republican rule.

Pacific Railroad Act

Congress provided funding for a transcontinental railroad form Nebraska - California.

Granger Movement

Offered social and educational activities for isolated farmers and their families where they could join together to buy, store, and sell their crops to avoid high fees.

Boomers

Settlers who agitated and campaigned for the U.S. government to open unassigned lands in Oklahoma for public settlement.

Indian Appropriation Bill

A federal law that declared that the U.S. government would no longer recognize Native American tribes as independent nation.

Sand Creek Massacre

Chivington’s slaughter of the Cheyenne and Arapaho in Colorado, exposed for the massacre it war

Great Sioux War

Conflict between Sioux and Cheyenne warriors and federal troops over lands in the Dakotas

Fort Laramie Treaty

An agreement between the U.S. government and the Plain tribes that established the Great Sioux Reservations.

Dawes Severalty Act

Divided ancestral Indigenous American lands among each family in an attempt to Americanize Indigenous people

Native American Boarding Schools

A network of federally funded residential schools established in the late 19th and 20th centuries and designed to forcibly assimilate Native American children into American culture

Long Drive

The overland movement of massive herds of Texas Longhorn cattle by cowboys form Texas pastures to railheads in Kansas and Nebraska

Populists

A political party that formed in 1892 following the success of Farmers’ Alliance candidates; Populists advocated for a variety of reforms, including free coinage of silver, a progressive income tax, postal savings banks, regulation of railroads, and direct election of U.S. senators.

Battle of Little Bighorn

A major clash in Montana where a combined force of Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho warriors led by Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated the U.S. 7th Cavalry

Imperialism

The use of diplomatic or military force to extend a nation’s power and enhance its economic interests, often by acquiring territory or colonies and justifying such behavior with assumptions of racial superiority.

Yellow Journalism

A type of news reporting, epitomized in the 1890s by the newspaper empires of William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, that intentionally manipulates public opinion through sensational headlines, illustrations, and articles about both real and invented events.

Rough Riders

The First Volunteer Cavalry, led in the Spanish-American War by Theodore Roosevelt; victorious in their only engagement, the Battle of San Juan Hill.

Platt Amendment

Established the terms for ending the U.S. military occupation of Cuba and defined U.S. Cuban relations.

Open Door Notes

A series of diplomatic circulars by U.S. Secretary John Hay to major imperial powers.

Panama Canal

51 mile artificial waterway in Central America that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean across the Isthmus of Panama.

Dollar Diplomacy

The practice advocated by President Theodore Roosevelt in which the U.S. government fostered American investments in less developed nations and then used U.S. military force to protect those investments.