8/24 - Equine IBD

Small

Which intestines in the horse serve to do absorption of CHOs, fats, and proteins? This is done through the villi brush border, and results in malabsorptive syndrome if it is not successful.

Weight Loss

What clinical sign/condition is the hallmark of small intestinal malabsorptive syndrome?

Suggestive

Is low TP and low albumin diagnostic or suggestive for malabsorptive syndrome?

Proximal

Endoscopy can only be done in which section of the equine small intestine, proximal or distal?

Acute

Which type of SI disease (acute or chronic) presents with moderate-severe colic, dilated SI loops, and copious gastric reflux?

Chronic

Which type of SI disease (acute or chronic) presents with weight loss but good appetite, intermittent mild colic, and thickened SI walls?

No

Does the SI of the horse have bands like the small colon does?

IBD

Clinical signs of what condition (abbreviated) include progressive weight loss despite good appetite, protein-losing enteropathy, hypoalbuminemia, peripheral edema, lethargy, performance loss, intermittent mild colic, and possibly diarrhea? Edema is usually in the ventral abdomen, not the limbs. It has 5 categories.

Histopathology

What test/procedure is the only definitive diagnosis for IBD in horses?

Granulomatous Enteritis

Which type of IBD is also called GE and mainly affects young horses? Standardbreds are predisposed, and it involves macrophages. M. avium has been implicated and it is caused by an abnormal host inflammatory response.

Macrophages

What cells are involved in granulomatous enteritis IBD?

MEED

Which type of IBD (abbreviated) is multisystemic and mainly affects young horses? Dermatitis is common in this condition, as well as diarrhea and tissue eosinophilia. It may be a hypersensitivity response and is diagnosed using rectal biopsy. There will be primarily eosinophils, along with lymphocytes and macrophages.

Eosinophil

Which cells will be the primary ones involved in MEED IBD?

Enterocolitis

Which type of IBD is also called eosinophilic enteritis, and is characterized by inflammatory eosinophilic infiltration at the intestinal mucosa both diffuse and focal?

Diffuse

Which type of enterocolitis IBD is in the small and large intestines, causing chronic weight loss and diarrhea?

Focal

Which type of enterocolitis IBD is idiopathic and involves acute colic signs but no chronic weight loss?

IFEE

Which type of IBD (abbreviated) is also called IFEC and is different from typical IBD cases? There is no weight loss and proteins are normal. Acute severe colic is the most common clinical sign, and surgical decompression will treat this condition. The cause is unknown.

Lymphocytic-Plasmacytic

What enterocolitis is a type of IBD that is rare and has a grave prognosis? There is no age, breed, or gender predisposition, and signs are similar to granulomatous enteritis. Histology on rectal biopsy will present lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria, plus villous atrophy. Malabsorption will occur, though albumin may not always be low.

24

Ideally, patients should be fasted how many hours before the glucose absorption test? 10% glucose is given through an NG tube and samples are taken every 30 minutes. An elevation of over 85% between 60-120 minutes is expected in normal horses.

Dexamethasone

Which corticosteroid, in an immunosuppressive dose, is the treatment for IBD? If this is unsuccessful then prognosis is poor. Prevention includes decreasing exposure to dietary, parasitic, and environmental antigens, plus differentiating the type of IBD, and removing intramural masses?

Small Intestine

Biopsy of what tissue is done to diagnose granulomatous enteritis and enterocolitis?

Rectum

Biopsy of which tissue is done to diagnose MEED and lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis?