c10 t34

Robust

IPA: /rəʊˈbʌst/ | VN: Vững chắc, bền bỉ, có khả năng chịu đựng cao | EN: Sturdy, strong, and capable of withstanding difficult conditions or strain | Ex: "…They were also robust enough to carry families and livestock…"

Infestation

IPA: /ˌɪn.feˈsteɪ.ʃən/ | VN: Sự tràn ngập, sự quấy phá của sâu bệnh/côn trùng/chuột | EN: The presence of an unusually large number of insects or animals in a place, typically causing damage or disease | Ex: "…a rat infestation that destroyed native bird populations…"

Ascertain

IPA: /ˌæs.əˈteɪn/ | VN: Xác định, tìm hiểu chắc chắn | EN: To find out or learn something with certainty through investigation or examination | Ex: "…archaeologists attempted to ascertain the exact dates of early settlements…"

Pack up for

IPA: /pæk ʌp fɔːr/ | VN: Sửa soạn, thu dọn hành lý để chuẩn bị đi xa | EN: To collect and prepare one's belongings in readiness for a journey or departure | Ex: "…voyagers would pack up for long expeditions into uncharted waters…"

Salvage

IPA: /ˈsæl.vɪdʒ/ | VN: Cứu hộ, cứu vãn, vớt vát lại tài sản/cổ vật | EN: To rescue or save valuable items from destruction, loss, or damage | Ex: "…researchers managed to salvage crucial bone fragments from the site…"

Deficiency

IPA: /dɪˈfɪʃ.ən.si/ | VN: Sự thiếu hụt, sự suy giảm | EN: A lack or shortage of something essential, such as nutrients or resources | Ex: "…a severe deficiency of fresh water forced settlers to move further inland…"

Acute

IPA: /əˈkjuːt/ | VN: Gay gắt, kịch liệt, nghiêm trọng | EN: Extremely severe, sharp, or critical in intensity or effect | Ex: "…they faced acute shortages of food during long sea voyages…"

Channel into

IPA: /ˈtʃæn.əl ˈɪn.tuː/ | VN: Dồn vào, tập trung hướng vào | EN: To direct or guide resources, energy, or efforts toward a particular purpose | Ex: "…community effort was channel into building large seafaring canoes…"

Susceptible

IPA: /səˈsep.tə.bəl/ | VN: Dễ bị ảnh hưởng, dễ bị tổn thương | EN: Easily influenced, harmed, or affected by a particular condition or force | Ex: "…island ecosystems proved highly susceptible to human disruption…"

Harbor

IPA: /ˈhɑː.bər/ | VN: Bến cảng, cảng biển; chứa chấp/mó neo | EN: A sheltered body of water where ships can anchor safely; or to give shelter to | Ex: "…canoes set sail from a natural harbor on the coast…"

Rove across

IPA: /rəʊv əˈkrɒs/ | VN: Đi lang thang, đi chu du khắp (đại dương/vùng đất) | EN: To travel or wander constantly over a wide area without a fixed destination | Ex: "…early explorers began to rove across vast stretches of open water…"

Oral histories

IPA: /ˈɔː.rəl ˈhɪs.tər.iz/ | VN: Lịch sử truyền miệng, truyền thuyết dân gian | EN: Spoken memories, stories, and traditions passed down through generations | Ex: "…ancient oral histories preserved tales of heroic ocean voyages…"

Launch out

IPA: /lɔːntʃ aʊt/ | VN: Ra khơi, bắt đầu dấn thân vào hành trình mới | EN: To start a new venture or set off into uncharted territory/ocean | Ex: "…navigators were prepared to launch out into unknown horizons…"

Thrust into

IPA: /θrʌst ˈɪn.tuː/ | VN: Đẩy vào, đâm sầm vào, đẩy tới | EN: To force or push someone/something suddenly into a specific condition or location | Ex: "…the explorers were thrust into entirely unfamiliar oceanic environments…"

Sail out

IPA: /seɪl aʊt/ | VN: Giương buồm ra khơi, nhổ neo xuất phát | EN: To leave a port, harbor, or shore on a boat or ship | Ex: "…canoes would sail out into prevailing trade winds…"

Overshooting

IPA: /ˌəʊ.vəˈʃuː.tɪŋ/ | VN: Đi quá mục tiêu, đi vượt quá hòn đảo/điểm dừng | EN: Passing beyond a target, destination, or intended landing spot | Ex: "…they risked overshooting small isolated islands in the vast Pacific…"

Eternity

IPA: /ɪˈtɜː.nə.ti/ | VN: Vĩnh hằng, hư vô, khoảng thời gian dài vô tận | EN: Infinite time without beginning or end; or a seemingly endless period | Ex: "…sailing into empty space felt like venturing into eternity…"

Presuppose

IPA: /ˌpriː.səˈpəʊz/ | VN: Tiền giả định, đòi hỏi phải có trước | EN: To assume or require something as a necessary prerequisite before happening | Ex: "…such long-distance exploration presuppose advanced knowledge of wind patterns…"

Invoke

IPA: /ɪnˈvəʊk/ | VN: Gợi ra, dẫn chiếu, cầu khấn / viện dẫn | EN: To call upon, cite, or appeal to a power, principle, or authority for support | Ex: "…navigators would invoke traditional spirits to ensure safe passage across the sea…"

Venture

IPA: /ˈven.tʃər/ | VN: Mạo hiểm dấn thân vào; dự án/chuyến đi mạo hiểm | EN: To dare to go into a dangerous, risky, or unknown place; or a risky undertaking | Ex: "…few sailors dared to venture beyond the safety of visible land…"

Blaze

IPA: /bleɪz/ | VN: Ngọn lửa lớn, đám cháy dữ dội | EN: A large, strong, and dangerous fire | Ex: "…wildfires can rapidly turn into uncontrollable blaze under dry conditions…"

Flame

IPA: /fleɪm/ | VN: Ngọn lửa, ánh lửa | EN: A hot glowing body of ignited gas that is generated by something on fire | Ex: "…strong winds carried flame across the dry forest floor…"

Fan by

IPA: /fæn baɪ/ | VN: Được thổi bùng lên bởi, được kích động bởi (gió, cảm xúc) | EN: To blow air onto a fire to make it burn more fiercely; or to intensify | Ex: "…the forest fire was fan by high winds during the summer heatwave…"

Peculiar challenges

IPA: /pɪˈkjuː.li.ər ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪz/ | VN: Những thách thức kỳ lạ / đặc thù / khác thường | EN: Strange, unusual, or specific problems that require unique solutions | Ex: "…firefighters face peculiar challenges when dealing with fires in mountainous regions…"

Dilapidated

IPA: /dɪˈlæp.ɪ.deɪ.tɪd/ | VN: Xập xệ, hư hỏng, xuống cấp nghiêm trọng | EN: In a state of disrepair or ruin as a result of age or neglect | Ex: "…the old dilapidated wooden structures burned much faster than modern buildings…"

Personnel

IPA: /ˌpɜː.sənˈel/ | VN: Nhân sự, lực lượng nhân viên, cán bộ | EN: People employed in an organization or engaged in an official service | Ex: "…emergency personnel were deployed immediately to contain the fire…"

Proactive

IPA: /prəʊˈæk.tɪv/ | VN: Chủ động, đi trước một bước | EN: Creating or controlling a situation by causing things to happen rather than responding after an event | Ex: "…taking a proactive approach to forest management can prevent massive fires…"

Revamp

IPA: /ˌriːˈvæmp/ | VN: Cải tổ, sửa đổi, nâng cấp toàn bộ | EN: To overhaul, repair, restore, or improve the appearance/structure of something | Ex: "…the government decided to revamp its emergency response strategies…"

Reticence

IPA: /ˈret.ɪ.səns/ | VN: Sự e ngại, tính kín kẽ, sự dè dặt | EN: The quality of being reserved, uncommunicative, or hesitant to reveal thoughts/feelings | Ex: "…there was a certain reticence among officials to adopt unproven safety protocols…"

Rehabilitation

IPA: /ˌriː.həˈbɪl.ɪ.teɪ.ʃən/ | VN: Sự phục hồi, sự cải tạo lại | EN: The action of restoring something to former health, good condition, or normal life | Ex: "…after the wildfire, the rehabilitation of ruined habitats took several years…"

Untangle

IPA: /ʌnˈtæŋ.ɡəl/ | VN: Gỡ rối, làm sáng tỏ (vấn đề phức tạp) | EN: To free from tangled strands; or to make clear/understand a complex situation | Ex: "…researchers tried to untangle the complex factors contributing to climate change…"

Tolerate

IPA: /ˈtɒl.ər.eɪt/ | VN: Chịu đựng, tha thứ, chấp nhận sự tồn tại của | EN: To allow the existence, occurrence, or practice of something without interference | Ex: "…certain plant species can tolerate extreme heat and dry spells better than others…"

Miserable

IPA: /ˈmɪz.ər.ə.bəl/ | VN: Khổ sở, đáng thương, tồi tệ | EN: Extremely unhappy, uncomfortable, or wretched | Ex: "…displaced residents spent days in miserable conditions following the disaster…"

Vow to

IPA: /vaʊ tuː/ | VN: Tuyên thệ, thề nguyện làm gì | EN: To solemnly promise or pledge to do something | Ex: "…community leaders vow to rebuild the destroyed infrastructure stronger than before…"

Intimidating

IPA: /ɪnˈtɪm.ɪ.deɪ.tɪŋ/ | VN: Đáng sợ, mang tính đe dọa, làm nản lòng | EN: Having a frightening, daunting, or threatening effect; causing fear or insecurity | Ex: "…facing a wall of fire can be an intimidating experience for frontline workers…"

Moral obligation

IPA: /ˈmɒr.əl ˌɒb.lɪˈɡeɪ.ʃən/ | VN: Nghĩa vụ đạo đức, trách nhiệm lương tâm | EN: A duty that an individual feels bound to fulfill because of their conscience or ethical beliefs | Ex: "…governments have a moral obligation to protect vulnerable citizens from natural hazards…"

Mitigate

IPA: /ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/ | VN: Giảm nhẹ, xoa dịu, làm bớt nghiêm trọng | EN: To make something less severe, harmful, serious, or painful | Ex: "…early warning systems help to mitigate the damage caused by unexpected wildfires…"

March of

IPA: /mɑːtʃ əv/ | VN: Tiến trình tiến lên không dừng lại, sự phát triển không ngừng của | EN: The steady, unstoppable, and continuous progress or advance of something | Ex: "…the relentless march of global warming threatens forest ecosystems worldwide…"

Crop up

IPA: /krɒp ʌp/ | VN: Nảy sinh, xuất hiện bất ngờ | EN: To appear, happen, or occur unexpectedly or suddenly | Ex: "…unforeseen complications began to crop up during the rescue operation…"

Switch off

IPA: /swɪtʃ ɒf/ | VN: Tắt đi, ngắt kết nối, ngừng hoạt động | EN: To turn off a device/power; or to cease paying attention / deactivate a biological process | Ex: "…certain genetic mechanisms seem to switch off during prolonged drought periods…"

Switch back on

IPA: /swɪtʃ bæk ɒn/ | VN: Bật lại, tái kích hoạt | EN: To reactivate, restart, or turn back on after being off | Ex: "…when moisture returns, plant metabolism can switch back on almost instantly…"

Accumulate

IPA: /əˈkjuː.mjə.leɪt/ | VN: Tích tụ, gom lại, dồn lại qua thời gian | EN: To gather, collect, or build up a quantity of something over time | Ex: "…dry leaves and dead wood accumulate on the forest floor, fueling future fires…"