chromosomes and hormones in biological sex

Wang et al

Studied the link between testosterone and sexual development in males suffering with a condition where they do not produce enough testosterone. After 180 days of testosterone therapy , they reported improvements in sexual functioning, mood and muscle strength.

Deeming and Ferguson

They incubated alligator eggs at various temperature to see when they hatched, when they were incubated at 30 degrees 100% were female and at 33 degrees 100% were males

Wu et al

Studied the importance of the SRY gene in sex development, they administered an injection into mice to inhibit the expression of the SRY gene, they saw that ovaries had developed instead of testes production

Shows that chromosomes in general may not be the only factor that determines biological sex

Koopman et al

When SRY genes from male mice was implanted into female mouse embryos, they developed physical traits typical of a biological male

Biological sex

The classification of an individual based on the physical and physiological attributes determined by chromosomes, hormones and reproductive organs that are typically associated with being male or female

Gender

Your psychological identity and the behavioural aspects of identifying as male, female or a non-binary individual. 

Female embryo chromosomes

XX

Male embryo chromosomes

XY

What do hormones influence

Our sex-related development

Testosterone

Released when SRY genes is detected on the Y chromosome

Leads to the development of male sex organs

Rise during puberty and affect physical traits like body and facial hair, muscle mass and height

Oestrogen

Before birth, oestrogen promotes the development of the endocrine system is males and females

Influences the development of secondary sex characteristics

Oxytocin

Known as the love hormone, produced in males and females

Much higher in females after and during childbirth, prepares the body for childbirth and breast feeding

Reduces stress hormones , such as cortisol