Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium and Metacognition Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards generated from lecture notes on metacognition and Hardy-Weinberg population genetics.

Metacognition

The concept of thinking about your thinking, where you reflect on what you are doing, why, and how it helps you learn rather than just going through study motions.

Observed Genotype Frequencies

The actual proportion of each genotype found in a sampled population, calculated directly from counted individuals without assuming equilibrium.

Observed Allele Frequencies

The proportion of specific alleles ($p$ and $q$) in a population, determined by counting each allele present across all individuals divided by the total number of alleles.

Expected Genotype Frequencies

The theoretical proportions of genotypes ($p^2$, $2pq$, and $q^2$) predicted to exist in a population under the assumption of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Diploid Allele Total

The total number of alleles present in a population sample, calculated as two times the total number of individuals ($2 \times N$).

$$p^2$$

The Hardy-Weinberg term representing the expected proportion of homozygous dominant individuals in a population at equilibrium.

$$2pq$$

The Hardy-Weinberg term representing the expected proportion of heterozygous individuals in a population at equilibrium.

$$q^2$$

The Hardy-Weinberg term representing the expected proportion of homozygous recessive individuals in a population at equilibrium.

Chi-Square Test

A statistical method used to compare observed individual counts with expected individual counts to test whether a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.

Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS)

Studies that search for correlations between specific genetic variants and diseases, using Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium calculations as a baseline to identify genes under strong selection.