Abnormal Respiration Patterns and Miscellaneous

Bradypnea

Slow breathing

Causes of Bradypnea

Diabetic coma, drugs, increased inter-cranial pressure

Sighing repiration

Breathing with frequent signs

Causes of signing respiration

Hyperventilation syndrome

Tachypnea

Rapid shallow breathing

Causes of Tachypnea

restrictive lung disease, pleuritic chest pain, and elevated diaphragm

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

periods of deep breathing followed by no breathing, may be in elderly of children while sleeping

Causes of Cheyne Stokes breathing

Heart failure, uremia, drugs, and brain damage

Obstructive Breathing

prolonged expiration because of a narrowed airway; increased resistance to airflow

Causes of Obstructive breathing

asthma, chonic bronchitis, and COPD

Hyperpnea (hyperventilation)

Rapid deep breathing caused by exercise, anxiety, and metabolic acidosis (Kussmaul breathing, which is always deep but can be fast, normal, or slow)

Kussmaul breathing

Always deep but can be fast, normal, or slow

Ataxic breathing (Biot’s breathing)

Unpredictably irregular. May be shallow or deep, & stop for short periods

Causes of Ataxic breathing (Biot’s breathing)

respiratory depression and brain damage

Mitral Stenosis

Mid-late diastolic, low pitched rumbling, diastolic murmur

Mitral regurgitation

Pansystolic, is blowing holosystolic murmur

Aortic Stenosis

Mid systolic, harsh crescendo-decrescendo

Aortic regurgitation

Early diastolic high pitched decrescendo murmur

Pulmonic stenosis

Mid systolic, harsh murmur

Tricuspid regurgitation

Pansystolic, increases murmur, increasing on inspiration