Common Ions, Acid-Base Nomenclature, and Chemical Formulas

Vocabulary flashcards covering common positive and negative ions, systematic and classical nomenclature, strong acids and bases, diatomic elements, molecular prefixes, and oxyacid naming conventions.

Ammonium

A polyatomic cation with the chemical formula $NH_4^+$ and a $1+$ charge.

Mercury (I)

A polyatomic cation with the formula $Hg_2^{2+}$ and a $2+$ charge, historically referred to as mercurous.

Copper (I)

A cation with the formula $Cu^+$ and a $1+$ charge, historically named cuprous.

Copper (II)

A cation with the formula $Cu^{2+}$ and a $2+$ charge, historically named cupric.

Iron (II)

A transition metal cation with the formula $Fe^{2+}$ and a $2+$ charge, historically known as ferrous.

Iron (III)

A transition metal cation with the formula $Fe^{3+}$ and a $3+$ charge, historically known as ferric.

Lead (II)

A post-transition metal cation with the formula $Pb^{2+}$ and a $2+$ charge, historically referred to as plumbous.

Lead (IV)

A post-transition metal cation with the formula $Pb^{4+}$ and a $4+$ charge, historically referred to as plumbic.

Tin (II)

A cation with the formula $Sn^{2+}$ and a $2+$ charge, historically known as stannous.

Tin(IV)

A cation with the formula $Sn^{4+}$ and a $4+$ charge, historically known as stannic.

Acetate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $C_2H_3O_2^-$ and a $1-$ charge.

Bicarbonate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $HCO_3^-$ and a $1-$ charge.

Cyanide

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $CN^-$ and a $1-$ charge.

Permanganate

A polyatomic oxyanion with the chemical formula $MnO_4^-$ and a $1-$ charge.

Thiocyanate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $SCN^-$ and a $1-$ charge.

Peroxide

A polyatomic anion consisting of two oxygen atoms bonded together with the formula $O_2^{2-}$ and a $2-$ charge.

Chromate

A polyatomic oxyanion with the chemical formula $CrO_4^{2-}$ and a $2-$ charge.

Dichromate

A polyatomic oxyanion with the chemical formula $Cr_2O_7^{2-}$ and a $2-$ charge.

Oxalate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $C_2O_4^{2-}$ and a $2-$ charge.

Thiosulfate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $S_2O_3^{2-}$ and a $2-$ charge.

Borate

A polyatomic anion with the chemical formula $BO_3^{3-}$ and a $3-$ charge.

Arsenate

A polyatomic oxyanion with the chemical formula $AsO_4^{3-}$ and a $3-$ charge.

Monatomic Anion Naming Rule

The rule that monatomic anions from Groups 5A, 6A, and 7A are named by dropping the ending of the neutral element name and adding the suffix -ide (e.g., fluorine becomes fluoride, $F^-$).

Per-…….-ate

The naming convention used for a polyatomic ion containing oxygen that possesses the greatest number of oxygen atoms in a related series.

Hypo-…….-ite

The naming convention used for a polyatomic ion containing oxygen that possesses the smallest number of oxygen atoms in a related series.

Per-…….-ic Acid

The naming convention for a ternary oxyacid containing the greatest number of oxygen atoms in a related series.

Hypo-…….-ous Acid

The naming convention for a ternary oxyacid containing the smallest number of oxygen atoms in a related series.

Binary Acids

Molecular compounds consisting of hydrogen bonded to a nonmetal or a group behaving like a nonmetal, named using the format Hydro-…-ic acid.

Ternary Acids

Acids that contain hydrogen, oxygen, and another element, named using a series of prefixes and suffixes that specify the relative number of oxygen atoms.

7 Strong Acids

The group of seven acids considered strong, while all others are weak: hydrochloric acid ($HCl$), hydrobromic acid ($HBr$), hydroiodic ($HI$), perchloric acid ($HClO_4$), chloric acid ($HClO_3$), nitric acid ($HNO_3$), and sulfuric acid ($H_2SO_4$).

8 Strong Bases

The group of eight bases considered strong, while all others are weak: lithium hydroxide ($LiOH$), sodium hydroxide ($NaOH$), potassium hydroxide ($KOH$), rubidium hydroxide ($RbOH$), cesium hydroxide ($CsOH$), calcium hydroxide ($Ca(OH)_2$), strontium hydroxide ($Sr(OH)_2$), and barium hydroxide ($Ba(OH)_2$).

Diatomic Elements

The seven elements that exist naturally as two-atom homonuclear molecules: hydrogen ($H_2$), nitrogen ($N_2$), oxygen ($O_2$), fluorine ($F_2$), chlorine ($Cl_2$), bromine ($Br_2$), and iodine ($I_2$).

Molecular Prefixes (1 to 10)

The numerical prefixes used in molecular compound nomenclature: mono- ($1$), di- ($2$), tri- ($3$), tetra- ($4$), penta- ($5$), hexa- ($6$), hepta- ($7$), octa- ($8$), nona- ($9$), and deca- ($10$).