Psychology Test 3

Study

Medical Model

mental illness — like physical illness — should be treated and diagnosed

DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual)

The current list/definitions of all mental disorders

The 4 D’s in the DSM-5 TR

• Disturbance of thought, emotion, or behavior

• Dysfunction of developmental or biological processes

• Distress (or disability) in everyday life

• Deviant thought, emotion, or behavior (only if it interferes with life)

comorbidity

When an individual has more than one psychological disorder at the same time

Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Attention Deficit and autism spectrum disorder

ADHD

• Trouble sitting still

• Careless mistakes in work

• Loud noises and interruption

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Rapid growth before age 5, normal brain growth after

Psychotic Disorders

Disorders which interfere with someone’s ability to differentiate between real and imagined entities.

Schizophrenia

Imagined perceptions, strong heredity, disorganized speech, immobile despite being awake, enlarged ventricles

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Negative (Absence of), Positive (Added), cognitive

What kind of way do people get schizophrenia (what kind of disorder is it?)

diathesis-stress; someone is predisposed but requires specific stressors for the illness to manifest

Environmental aspects of schizophrenia

Abuse, maternal infections during pregnancy,

Schizophrenia cognitive symptoms

Enlarged vesicles, smaller prefrontal cortex, inefficient neuron firing

Depressive disorders

Mental disorders that impact the emotions and mood that interfere with someone’s life.

Symptoms of major depressive disorder

Cognitive and physical

Cognitive Symptoms of Depression

Lowered motivation, self worth, worsened mood

Physical symptoms of depression

Abnormal sleep, low energy, problems with eating (not eating disorder), reduced neural growth in the hippocampus, mitochondrial disfunction

Criteria for depression

Someone has to meet 5 of 9 of depression symptoms within the period of 2 consecutive weeks.

• Depressed mood that stays low

• Reduced interest/pleasure in doing anything

• Significant change in body weight

• Sleep disturbances

• Sluggishness/ restlessness

• Daily fatigue / loss of energy

• Feelings of worthlessness, self reproach, excessive guilt

• Lack of ability to concentrate/ think clearly

• Suicidal ideations without suicidal plan/action

Origins of depression

• Traumatic life events

• Epigenetics

• helplessness

• extreme stress

• if your mother has a rough childhood

• inheritance of “short serotonin genes”

Bipolar Disorders

• Extreme fluctuation in mood cycling from high to low mood

• Reduced connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex

Symptoms of Mania

D - Distractability

I - Indiscretion (poor judgement)

G - Grandiosity (big plans)

F - Flight of ideas (jumping from one topic to another in conversation)

A - Activity increased

S - Sleep (decreased need for sleep)

T - Talkativeness

Bipolar I Disorder

Mixed episodes of major depression and mania (lasting at least a week)

Biopolar Disorder II

Mixed episodes of major depression and hypomania (lasting less than 4 days) — BPDII is a less intense version of BPD

Cyclothymia

This is a bipolar disorder that is less intense than BPDII and doesn’t meet the full criteria but still sucks ass.

Origins of BPD

• Prenatal alcohol consumption

• Genetic variation causes BPD

Anxiety disorders

When someone experiences so much anxiety it interferes with their everyday life and physiology.

Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Pervasive/ excessive anxiety for 6+ months. Inability to relax.

Panic Disorder

The persistent worry about having a panic attack

Panic attack: fear of dying, intense dizziness, heart palpitations, trembling, intense dread

Panic Disorder: When someone is prone to panic attacks

Agoraphobia

The intense fear of having a panic attack in a public place.

• Isolation

• unwilling to leave house in order to avoid panic attacks

Social Phobia

The persistent concern about being humiliated in front of other people

• Occasionally housebound

• Persistent concern with appearance

• Extremely self conscious behavior

Specific Phobias

The extreme fear of something.

• intense panic or fear when confronted with a specific object or phobia or when thinking about the specific thing