#1 Definitions to know for Opt test

frontal plane movement

inversion, eversion, abduction, adduction,

transverse plane movement

pronation, supination, rotation, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction

uniaxial joint

allows movement in one plane of motion (elbows, knees)

biaxial joint

allows movement in two planes of motion (fingers and wrist)

multi axial joint

allows movement in more than two planes of motion (ball and socket joints, hip, shoulder)

What is Kinesiology?

The study of mechanics and anatomy in relation to human movement

Kinematics

study of spacial and temporal characteristics of motion, more interested in the displacement happening in velocity speed and direction

muscle belly

Typically largest thickest part of the muscle that lies between origin and insertion

(what is an) agonist

muscle primarily responsible for movement

(what is a) synergist

muscles assisting a movement either directly or indirectly

why are antagonists important?

They are important to maintain balance for protection and stability of the joint

what is an antagonist

 the muscle opposing (opposite) the agonist

what is an isometric contraction

a change in muscle tension with no change in muscle length

what is an isotonic contraction

a change in tension with a change in muscle length

eccentric

The muscle lengthens while remaining under tension to control a load

concentric

The muscle shortens while remaining under tension to control a load

single joint exercise

requires the movement of one joint when performing the exercise

multi-joint movement

requires the movement of multiple joints & several muscle groups when performing the exercise

Biomechanics

the study of forces acting on or generated within the body

what does FLE stand for

Fulcrom, Lever, Effort

what does TAB stand for

Tricep extension, Ankle plantarflexion, Bicep elbow flexion

closed chain exercies

the most distal part of the body is fixed or grounded

open chain exercises

the most distal part of the body is free and not fixed

sagittal plane movement

flexion, extension, plantarflexion, dorsiflexion

Synovial joint

A joint with the most freedom of movement with cartilage covering the bon ends (hip, knee, shoulder)

synovial membrane

the inner layer of the joint capsule that secretes synovial fluid

synovial fluid

a thick fluid that lubricates the joint and nourishes the articular cartilage

articular hyaline cartilage

smooth shiny cartilage at the ends of articulating bones to reduce friction and absorb shock

Length-tension relationship

the amount of tension a muscle can produce depends on its length, with force best at an optimal range where cross bridges can form

(in force production why do) speed & force have an inverse relationship

because it takes time to create cross-bridges

what is the primary role of the axial skeleton (trunk region)

protection (secondary: movement)

Lordotic curve

the inward curve of the cervical and lumbar spine

Kyphotic curve

the outward curve of the thoracic spine

Intervertebral disc

a shock-absorbing disc between vertebrae that spaces them, distributes force, and allows small movements

Quadriceps insertion

tibial tuberosity via the patella (just below the patella)