Mathematics, Economics, and Sciences Practice Review

Flashcards testing 100 core concepts in engineering mathematics, economics, and basic sciences from the lecture elements review.

What is a change in position, specified by a length and a direction, called?

Displacement

What is the process of one substance mixing with another because of molecular motion known as?

Diffusion

What do you call costs that arise as a result of a change in operations or policy, or the ratio of a small increment cost and a small increment of output?

Differential cost

What is the acid test ratio?

The ratio of current assets (exclusive of inventory) to the total current liabilities

How do you call the energy required to move $1\,\text{Coulomb}$ of charge through an element?

Voltage

In electricity, how do you call the rate of charge flow?

Current

Which of the following is equivalent to $1\,\text{ampere}$?

$$1\,\text{Coulomb per second}$$

What is the mathematical process of expressing a polynomial as the product of another polynomial or monomial of lower degree?

Factoring

What is the point where the concavity of a curve changes or when the slope of the curve is neither increasing nor decreasing?

Point of inflection

How do you call the axis of a hyperbola that passes through the center, the foci, and the vertices?

Transverse axis

What type of number cannot be expressed as a quotient of two integers?

Irrational

How do you call the distance of a point from the $y\text{-axis}$?

Abscissa

A polygon with $10$ sides is said to be what?

Decagon

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the basic EOQ model with no shortages?

There is an upper bound on the quantity ordered

How do you classify work-in-process?

An asset

Which of the following does NOT affect owner's equity?

License to start business

How do you call an increase in the value of a capital asset?

Capital gain

What is another term for a rhombus?

Diamond

A polygon with twelve sides is known as what?

Dodecagon

What is a series of equal payments occurring at equal intervals of time where the first payment is made after several periods called?

Deferred annuity

How do you call the integral of any quotient whose numerator is the differential of the denominator?

Logarithm

What is a regular polygon that has $27$ diagonals?

Nonagon

What is the reason why ivory soap floats in water?

The specific gravity of ivory soap is less than that of water

What is the negotiation of wage rates, conditions of employment, etc., by representatives of the labor force and management?

Collective bargaining

How do you call a type of bond where the corporation's owner name is recorded and the interest is paid to the owner without asking for it?

Registered bond

What is the output or sales at which income is insufficient to equal operating cost?

Break-even point

What is an estimate of an asset's net market value at the end of its estimated life?

Salvage value

What is the provision in a contract that indicates the possible adjustment of material cost and labor cost?

Escalatory clause

What is the present worth of all depreciation over the economic life of an item?

Depreciation recovery

What is the process of determining the value of certain property for specific reasons?

Appraisal

What do you call products or services required to support human life and activities that will be purchased in somewhat the same quantity even though price varies considerably?

Necessity products and services

How do you call a market where there is only one buyer of an item for which there are no good substitutes?

Monopsony

Which statement is NOT a property of magnetic field lines?

The lines cross themselves only at right angles

Tesla is the unit for which physical quantity?

Magnetic induction

How do you call a polygon with $10,000$ sides?

Myriagon

What is any influence capable of producing a change in the motion of an object?

Force

How do you call a ring-shaped surface or solid obtained by rotating a circle about a coplanar line that does not intersect it?

Torus

If the eccentricity is less than one, then what type of curve is it?

Ellipse

How is the statement "the volume of a circular cylinder is equal to the product of its base and altitude" classified?

Theorem

What is the study of the properties of figures of three dimensions?

Solid Geometry

What are points that lie on the same plane called?

Coplanar

What is the sum of all costs incurred by the originators of a project up to the time that the promoters accept the project?

Development cost

How do you call a number sequence where the succeeding term is obtained by adding the last pair of preceding terms, such as $(1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, \dots)$?

Fibonacci number

If the roots of an equation are zero, how do you classify the solutions?

Trivial solutions

Which law states that "The algebraic sum of currents entering a node (or a closed boundary) is zero"?

Kirchhoff's current law

Which law states that "The algebraic sum of all voltages around a closed path (or loop) is zero"?

Kirchhoff's voltage law

In electrical engineering, what is the SI unit of conductance?

Siemens

How do you call the opposite of the prefix nano?

Giga

What do you call a triangle having three unequal sides?

Scalene

Which measure of central tendency is defined as the most frequent score?

Mode

Which length measurement is equivalent to $1\,\text{mil}$?

One-thousandth of an inch

Any number expressed in place-value notation with base $12$ is known as what?

Duodecimal

What is true regarding the minimum attractive rate of return used in judging proposed investments?

It is frequently a policy decision made by an organization's management

Which situation has a conventional cash flow so that an internal rate of return can be safely calculated and used?

You invest in a safe dividend stock and receive dividends each year

Which events will cause the optimal lot size given by the classic EOQ model with no shortages to increase?

A decrease in inventory carrying cost or an increase in demand

What is the indirect product cost (IPC) spending variance?

The difference between actual IPC and IPC volume adjusted budget

What is another name for derivative?

Differential coefficient

What prefix denotes a multiple of ten times any of the physical units of the System International?

Deka

Who is known as the Father of plane geometry?

Euclid

What do you call the case of a solution of a plane triangle where the given data leads to two solutions?

Ambiguous case

What type of polygon requires each interior angle to be less than or equal to $180^\circ$, with all vertices pointing outwards away from the interior?

Convex polygon

How do you call the formula used to compute the value of $n!$ when $n$ is a large number?

Stirling's approximation

When two planes intersect, how is the amount of divergence between them expressed?

Dihedral angle

How do you call products or services that are directly used by people to satisfy their wants?

Consumer goods and service

What are goods or services used to produce other goods and services called?

Producer goods and service

How do you call a cylinder with an elliptical cross-section?

Cylindroid

Which statement about a charge placed on a dielectric material is true?

The charge is confined to the region in which the charge was placed

What is a pole pitch?

The space on the stator allocated to one pole

Any line segment joining a vertex of a triangle to a point on the opposite side is called what?

Cevian

How do you call the amount needed at the beginning of operations to permit the enterprise to begin functioning before receiving sales income?

Initial working capital

When a line $y = mx + b$ slopes downward from left to right, what is the value of the slope $m$?

Less than zero

Which Commonwealth Act is known as the oldest Mechanical Engineering Law?

Commonwealth Act 294

How do you call a sequence of numbers where the succeeding term is greater than the preceding term?

Divergent series

What is a sequential method or set of steps for carrying out a desired procedure to solve problems called?

Algorithm

What unit equal to $10^{-10}\,\text{metre}$ is used for expressing wavelengths of light or ultraviolet radiation?

Angstrom

What is a collection of numbers or letters arranged in rows and columns used to represent a number called?

Array

What high-level computer programming language expresses mathematical and scientific problems in English-like syntax?

Algol

In complex algebra, what diagram is commonly used to represent a complex plane?

Argand diagram

What is the area bounded by two concentric circles called?

Annulus

What is the ratio of annual sales to the average of assets used in producing these sales?

Asset turnover

What is the value of the prefix atto?

$$10^{-18}$$

Which law states that a net force acting on a body produces an acceleration in the direction of the force proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass?

Newton's Second Law of Motion

In Newton's laws of motion, what is the rate of change of momentum with respect to time?

Force

The loss of weight of a body submerged in a fluid is equal to what?

Equal to the weight of the fluid displaced

What is the amount of company profit that the board of directors decides to distribute to ordinary shareholders called?

Dividend

To be a member of the Board of Mechanical Engineering, a person must be at least how old?

$$35\,\text{years old}$$

When a homogeneous flexible cord is supported at both ends and allowed to sag under its own weight, what curve is produced?

Catenary

How do you call the line passing through the focus and perpendicular to the directrix of a parabola?

Axis of parabola

What is the ratio of the distance between the foci to the distance between the vertices in either a hyperbola or an ellipse?

Eccentricity

How do you call a statement that one mathematical expression is greater than or less than another?

Inequality

What is the artificial expense that spreads the purchase price of an asset or property over a number of years?

Depreciation

Which interest rate specifies the actual rate of interest on the principal for one year?

Effective rate

What type of curve is generated by a point moving in uniform circular motion about an axis while traveling at a constant speed parallel to the axis?

A helix

What do you call a possible outcome of an experiment?

An event

Which branch of mathematics uses symbols or letters to represent numbers in arithmetic operations and equations?

Algebra

What refers to a straight line which a curve approaches closely but never meets or touches?

Asymptote

In a triangle, what line length equals the square root of the product of adjacent sides minus the product of third side segments?

Angle bisector

Which statement type is "The whole is greater than any one of its parts"?

Axiom

What is a perpendicular segment from a vertex of a triangle to the line containing the opposite side called?

Altitude

What SI unit of area is equal to $100\,\text{sq. meter}$?

Arc