NEU 201 Quiz Questions

What is the all-or-nothing electrical brain response in brain cells?

a) synapse

b) action potential

c) neuron

d) neurotransmitters

b) action potential

Yui is interviewing a patient known as "H.M.", who began having memory issues after his hippocampus was removed. This is an example of an _____________ study:

a) experimental

b) case

c) pseudoscientific

d) observational/quisi-experimental

b) case

Jana is searching for the genetic cause of Alzheimer's disease. Her research suggests that Alzheimer’s patients are more likely to have the APOE4 gene than normal patients. This is an example of an _____________ study:

a) pseudoscientific

b) case

c) observational/quasi-experimental

d) experimental

c) observational/quasi-experimental

Rafael is changing the genetic expression of neurons in mice to see if they can learn how to navigate a maze faster. This is an example of an _____________ study:

a) observational/quasi-experimental

b) experimental

c) pseudoscientific

d) case

b) experimental

Mark all myths about neuroscience and the brain.

a) Forming memories causes new neurons to be born.

b) We only use 10% of our brain.

c) The brain cannot repair itself.

d) Your personality reflects whether you are left or right brain dominant.

All

Which of these regions is NOT part of the peripheral nervous system?

a) somatic nervous system

b) parasympathetic nervous system

c) enteric nervous system

d) spinal cord

d) spinal cord

Match each description (left) with the correct anatomical term (right).

a) A grooved indentation running along the anterior-posterior axis of the brain, dividing it in half.

b) The outer surface of the brain

c) Raised ridges on the brain.

1. Gyri

2. Longitudinal fissure

3. Cortex

a) A grooved indentation running along the anterior-posterior axis of the brain, dividing it in half. — Longitudinal fissure

b) The outer surface of the brain — cortex

c) Raised ridges on the brain — gyri

What is the term for the "empty" spaces in the brain that are filled with cerebrospinal  fluid?

a) ventricles

b) BBB

c) meninges

d) Circle of Willist

a) ventricles

Which of these vesicles contains the cerebral cortex and is involved in memory and language?

a) telencephalon

b) metencephalon

c) diencephalon

d) mesencephalon

a) telencephalon

Which fragile layer of the meninges directly contacts the brain?

a) Circle of Willis

b) arachnoid mater

c) dura mater

d) pia mater

d) pia mater

Ramon y Cajal suggested that the nervous system was composed of one large, interconnected system

True or False?

False

Which statement about neurons is FALSE? 

a) neurons can change

b) neurons are capable of sending signals to other cells

c) neurons are continually replaced

d) neurons have electrical charge

c) neurons are continually replaced

Which part of the neuron resembles a tree? 

a) axon

b) dendrites

c) axon terminal

d) soma

b) dendrites

Which glia interacts with synapses?

a) oligodendrocytes

b) microglia

c) ependymal cell

d) astrocytes

e) Schwann cells

d) astrocytes

The resting potential is usually considered to be:

a) -70 mV

b) -55 mV

c) +55 mV

d) +70 mv

a) -70 mV

The action potential threshold is:

a) +70 mV

b) +55 mV

c) -70 mV

d) -55 mV

d) -55 mV

Why does Na+ want to enter the neuron at rest?

a) the chemical gradient

b) the electrochemical gradient

c) it does not want to enter the neuron

d) the electrical gradient

b) the electrochemical gradient

Why does K+ want to leave the neuron at rest?

a) the electrochemical gradient

b) the electrical gradient

c) the chemical gradient

d) it does not want to leave the cell

a) the chemical gradient

What type of ion channel is most responsible for the changes of voltage seen during an action potential:

a) ligand-gated

b) voltage-gated

c) leak

d) electrochemical-gradient-gated

b) voltage-gated

Match the phases of an action potential (right) with the corresponding changes in Na+ and K+ ion channels.

a) depolarization

b) repolarization

c) hyperpolarization

d) resting phase

1. Na+ channels are closed, K+ channels are deactivating

2. Na+ channels are inactivated, K+ channels are open

3. Na+ channels are open, K+ channels are open

4. Na+ channels is closed, K+ channels are closed

a) depolarization — Na+ channels are open, K+ channels are open

b) repolarization — Na+ channels are inactivated, K+ channels are open

c) hyperpolarization — Na+ channels are closed, K+ channels are deactivating

d) resting phase — Na+ channels is closed, K+ channels are closed

What is NOT true about vesicles?

a) Have V-snares embedded in them

b) Hold neurotransmitters

c) They are filled using ion channels

d) Increases in calcium leads them to fuse with the cell membrane

c) They are filled using ion channels

What is NOT required to form a SNARE complex?

a) t-SNARE

b) Ca2+

c) v-SNARE

d) G-proteins

d) G-proteins

What is NOT true about receptors?

a) Metabotropic receptors, also called G-protein receptors, rely upon secondary messengers rather than direct changes in ion concentration

b) They are shaped to fit a specific neurotransmitter.

c) They can be located on both pre- and post-synaptic cells.

d) Neurons can only have one type of receptor.

d) Neurons can only have one type of receptor.

The amount of neurotransmitters released must be closely regulated. For example, too much glutamate may lead to cell death.

True/False

True

Both serotonin and norepinephrine are made in the brain stem.

True/False

True

Which of these tools is NOT suitable for human participants?

a) fMRI

b) CAT

c) Optogenetics

d) EEG

c) Optogenetics

What tool washes away lipids, leaving only the cell membrane?

a) Immunohistochemistry staining

b) Chemogenetics

c) Microscopy

d) CLARITY

d) CLARITY

Which tool inserts channelrhodopsin into neurons, allowing them to be activated with a light?

a) Optogenetics

b) immunohistochemistry staining

c) chemogenetics

d) diffusion tensor imaging

a) Optogenetics

What tool can both measure and manipulate neurons?

a) CRISPR-Cas9

b) Electroencephalography

c) Microscopy

d) Electrophysiology

d) Electrophysiology

Which tool uses magnetic pulses to modulate brain activity?

a) functional magnetic resonance imaging

b) transcranial magnetic stimulation

c) diffusion tensor imaging

d) computerized tomography scan

b) transcranial magnetic stimulation