APUSH Unit 1 Collegeboard

Pueblo People

These Indians lived in the Southwestern United States. They built extensive irrigation systems to water their primary crop, which was corn; also lived in stone cities

Ecomeinda

crown granted colonists authority over natives, the natives were essentially slaves

Spainsh Armada

Navy, 1588 British defeat and it makes it easier for them to colonize in NA

Spanish Mission System

The Spanish network of missions in the New World established to bring Christianity to Native Americans who were required to learn the Spanish language, as well as Christian teachings.

Captain John Smith

Organized Jamestown and imposed a harsh law "He who will not work shall not eat".

Powhatan Confederacy

Group of Native Americans who traded with John Smith. The confederacy gets its name from its leader, Chief Powhatan.

John Rolfe

He was one of the English settlers at Jamestown (and he married Pocahontas). He discovered how to successfully grow tobacco in Virginia and cure it for export, which made Virginia an economically successful colony.

Indentured Servitude

A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years (7) then they would recieve freedom

Headright System

1618 a tract of land granted to colonists and potential settlers

House of Burgesses

1619 - The Virginia House of Burgesses formed, the first legislative body in colonial America. Later other colonies would adopt houses of burgesses.

Spain

conqurered and enslaved natives, also tried to convert to catholicism, many metizos

France

Frendlier with natives

Netherlands

settlements soon fell to the english

England

excluded natives as much as possible but eventually launched wars of extermination

Puritanism

English Calvinists led a protestant movement in England, the puritans were persecuted and one group, the separatists moved to NA

Mayflower Compact

1620 - The first agreement for self-government in America. It was signed by the 41 men on the Mayflower and set up a government for the Plymouth colony.

Massachusetts Bay Colony

1629 - King Charles gave the Puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay area. The colony established political freedom and a representative government.

John Winthrop

Puritan governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony. Speaker of "City upon a hill"

Covenant

A solemn agreement between human beings or between God and a human being in which mutual commitments are made. Puritans believed they had a covenant with God

Calvinists

Doctrine was similar to that of Lutherans' except Calvinists also believed in predestination and the insignificance of humanity.

Roger Williams

A dissenter who clashed with the Massachusetts Puritans over separation of church and state and was banished in 1636, after which he founded the colony of Rhode Island to the south

NE

Religous, strong community, no slavery, large towns, centered on trade

South

Cash Crops, more spread out farming, slavery,

Act of Toleration

a 1649 Maryland law that provided religious freedom for all Christians

King Philip's War

1675 - A series of battles in New Hampshire between the colonists and the Wompanowogs, led by a chief known as King Philip. The war was started when the Massachusetts government tried to assert court jurisdiction over the local Indians. The colonists won with the help of the Mohawks, and this victory opened up additional Indian lands for expansion.

Salutary Neglect

an English policy of relaxing the enforcement of regulations in its colonies in return for the colonies' continued economic loyalty

Navagation Acts

to allow the colonies to only ship to England so they could make more money

bicameral legislature

a lawmaking body made up of two chambers or parts

New England Confederation

1643 - Formed to provide for the defense of the four New England colonies, and also acted as a court in disputes between colonies.

Bacon's Rebellion

1676 - Nathaniel Bacon and other western Virginia settlers were angry at Virginia Governor Berkley for trying to appease the Doeg Indians after the Doegs attacked the western settlements. The frontiersmen formed an army, with Bacon as its leader, which defeated the Indians and then marched on Jamestown and burned the city. The rebellion ended suddenly when Bacon died of an illness.

Salem Witch Trials

1629 outbreak of witchcraft accusations in a puritan village marked by an atmosphere of fear, hysteria and stress

Middle

fertile land, bread basket,