Male Reproductive Anatomy

Scrotum

Testis

What produces sperm and in what is it located

Testes located in the scrotum

How is sperm delivered to the exterior (4)

Through a duct system

sperm made in testis → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculaotory duct → urethra

Epididymis

ductus deferens

What is the scrotum

pouch of skin, muscle, and connective tissue
outside pelvic cavity that holds the paired testes

Temp of scrotum and why

3 degree celsius lower than core body temp to produce sperm

How is temperature of scrotum kept 3 degrees lower than core body temp

Dartos muscle (more outer) and cremaster muscle (more iner)

Dartos muscle

smooth muscle that contracts the scrotum when cold → this pulls the scrotum around the testes closer to keep testes closer (reduce scrotum surface area and prevents heat loss)

Cremaster muscle

skeletal muscle → contracts when cold to → MOVES testes closer to warm body

when warm relaxes and moves testes away from body

What type of glands are the testes/ testicles/ testis

they are exocrine glands (gametes) and endocrine glands (sex hormones)

What is the testes surrounded by (2)

tunica vaginalis (outer) and tunica albuginea (inner)

tunica vaginalis

outer thin serous covering thats part of the peritoneum (covers abdominal organs)

tunica albuginea

fibrous capsule (tough) under tunica vaginalis

Septa - what does it do

divides testes into 250-300 lobules

What does each lobule of testes contian

1-4 seminiferous tubules

Seminiferous tubules

site of sperm production

Interstitual Leydig cells

cells outside the seminiferous tubules that produce androgens (testosterone since its male)

What is the complete sperm pathway

Seminiferous tubes → tubulus rectus → rete tubules → efferent ductules → epididymis → ductus deferens → ejaculatory ducts → urethra

Epididymis
what are the 3 parts

site of sperm maturation and storage

head, body, tail

What does the head of epididymus contain

efferent ductiles where sperm enters from the testes

What type of sperm enters epididymus head and what happens

nonmotile sperm enters → passes through slowly and becomes motile

What happesn to epididymus during ejaculation

epididymus contracts → expells sperm into ductus deferens

Vas deferens -what is it and what does it pass through

Ductus deferens - tube connecting epididymus and seminal vesicles

passing through the inguinal canal

What does the vas deferens or ductus deferens do

expands to form the ampulla which joins wiht the seminal vesicles to form the ejaculatory duct

Vasectomy

cutting and ligating (tying off) the ductus deferens → 100% effective form of birth control

what is the ejaculatory duct and what does it pass through and empty into

2 cm duct formed by ductus deferens and seminal vesicle duct merging together

passes through the prostate and empties out into the urethra

Urethra and what are the three regions from top to bottom

carries urine and semen at different times

prostatic, membranous, and spongy/penile

Prostatic urethra

membranous urethra

spongy urethra

What are the 3 acessory sex glands and waht do they do

Empty secretions (fluids) into the ducts during ejaculation (which would become semen) and help with transportaion of sperm

• seminal vesicles

• prostate

• bulbourethral glands

Seminal vesicles

Seminal vesicles produce

viscous alkaline seminal fluid (70% of semen)

Fructose, ascorbic acid, coagulating enzyme (vesiculase), and
prostaglandins

prostate gland

Prostate gland encircles what and what is it part of located where

encircles the ejaculatory duct and it is part of the urethra located under the bladder

what does the prostate gland secretes what, which does what and enters what during ejaculation

milky slightly alkaline fluid (30% of semen)

• activates semen

  • enters prostatic urethra during ejaculation

Contains citrate, enzymes, and prostate- specific antigen (PSA)

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH

non cancerous enlargement of prostate common with aging → can compress urethra

Bulbourethral gland - also called what
what is it /where is it located

cowpers glands
peasized gland inferior to prostate

What does the bulbourethral /cowpers gland do, which …(2)

before ejaculation , it secretes thick clear mucus that

• lubricates glans penis (tip)

• neutralize acidic urine in urethra

main copulatory (sexual intercouse) organ and what are the 3 main anatomical parts

penis

• root, shaft, glans

Prepuce

foreskin of penis → cuff(fold) of loose skin covering the glans of penis

circumcision

surgical removal of foreskin or prepuce

What does the penile shaft contain and what are the 3

3 cylindrical bodies called erectile tissue

1 corpus spongiosum and 2 corpus cavernosa

Corpus spongiosum

corpus spongiosum - how many, what does it surround, and what does it do

1 erectile tissue that surrounds the urethra ventrally and expands to form the glans and bulb

Corpus cavernosa

corpus cavernosa

paired dorsal erectile bodies/ tissues

Erection

erectile tissues (corpus spongiosum and corpus cavernosa) fills with blood → causes penis to enlarge and become rigid