Unit 2: Foundations and Evolution of Democracy QUESTIONS

What is the principle that each branch of the federal government has the means to thwart or influence actions by other branches of government?

checks and balances

Which of the following options is an economic theory designed to increase a nation’s wealth through the development of commercial industry and a favorable balance of trade.

Mercantilism

Which of the following was needed to persuade reluctant states to ratify the Constitution?

adding a bill of rights

In the United States, the national government derives its power from which of the following?

citizens

Which of the following is a method of ratification for a constitutional amendment?

by three-fourths of the state legislatures

Which of the following can be found in Article I?

necessary and proper clause

In Federalist No. 10, James Madison argued that factions in a republic are

natural but controllable by institutions

In Anti-Federalist No. 17, Brutus argued that

the Constitution’s necessary and proper clause and supremacy clause gave the national government too much power.

How many constitutions has the United States had in its history?

two

Federal judges are appointed for life. Which Article of the Constitution describes the terms for federal judges?

Article III

The publication of which of the following galvanized the colonists’ belief that reconciliation with Great Britain was impossible?

Common Sense

Which of the following generally favored a strong national government and supported the proposed U.S. Constitution?

Federalists

Many of the Founders believed that the __________ contract gave the government its legitimacy.

social

Which of the following was a problem under the Articles of Confederation?

Citizens lacked a national identity..

In Federalist No. 51, Madison argued that

the Constitution’s system of checks and balances will protect people’s liberty.

What type of legislature did the United States have under the Articles of Confederation?

unicameral

Which of the following specifies the procedure for amending the Constitution?

Article V

The Constitution specifically provides for both the election process and the removal through impeachment for which of the following government positions?

President

Which of the following did the Supreme Court establish in Marbury v. Madison?

The Supreme Court can declare federal legislation invalid if the legislation violates the Constitution.

Under the Constitution, the president is elected by which of the following?

Electoral College

Prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment, how were senators selected?

by state legislatures

Which clause provides that the Constitution shall be the supreme law of the land and where is located in the document?

supremacy; Article VI

The Articles of Confederation required __________ consent from the states for ratification.

unanimous

At the Constitutional Convention, the delegates agreed that slaves would be counted as __________ of a person for determining population for representation in the House of Representatives.

three-fifths

Which of the following were most likely to oppose the proposed Constitution?

farmers

Which of the following was part of both the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution?

Congress

Which constitutional amendment allowed voting for citizens who were eighteen or older?

Twenty-Sixth

In what year was the Declaration of Independence signed?

1776

What was the greatest fear of the Anti-Federalists during the Constitutional Convention and subsequent debate- during the Federalist and Anti-Federalist Debate?

that a strong national government would infringe on the essential liberties of the people

Which government entity has the power to settle disputes between the states?

supreme court

In Brutus No. 1 (also known as Anti-Federalist No. 1), the author argued that

the Constitutionally created republic would result in government officials becoming corrupt.

How many amendments have been made to the Constitution since its ratification?

twenty-seven

Which of the following was a proposal from the Great Compromise?

a bicameral legislative branch

Which of the following required all paper items in the colonies to carry a stamp of the Crown?

Stamp Act

Jackie attends a protest against animal testing. Which of the following secures her right to attend this protest?

Bill of Rights

Which plan called for a one-house legislature and multi-person executive?

the New Jersey Plan

Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution contains which powers of Congress?

enumerated

Which clause in the Constitution ensures that judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in another?

full faith and credit

According to the Constitution, which powers are reserved for the States?

any powers not granted to the National Government and not denied to the States

The Seventeenth Amendment gave the people the power to elect which of the following?

senators

One benefit of the federal system is the ability of the states to operate as __________ for new ideas.

labratories

Which of the following best exemplifies the intentions of the “devolution revolution”?

Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (welfare reform)

In Federalist No. 39, Madison argued that the proposed Constitution...

established a republican form of government, which balanced the sovereignty of the states, while establishing a unified national government.

What is meant by a republican form of government?

a representative government

Which of the following is the best definition of federalism?

A constitutional arrangement by which power is distributed between a central government and state governments.

Which of the following is a power specifically denied the states by the Constitution?

regulating interstate commerce

What part of the Constitution prevents certain conflicts between the national government and the states?

supremacy clause

The No Child Left Behind Act is an example of a(n) __________.

unfunded mandate

What are the two types of powers given to the national government under the United States Constitution?

delagated; implied

Which statement best describes the decision in Gibbons v. Ogden of 1824?

The Supreme Court’s brilliant definition of “commerce” as intercourse among the states provided the basis for national regulation of “things in commerce.”

As powers are divided between the national and state governments, an advantage of federalism is that it checks the growth of which of the following options?

tyranny

New federalism would seem to favor which type of government grant?

block grants

Which of the following powers are specifically denied to the national and state governments by the Constitution?

passing bills of attainder; suspension of writ of habeas corpus

In U.S. v. Lopez (1995), the Supreme Court ruled that the __________ clause did not give Congress the constitutional authority to regulate g-uns near a school.

commerce

Which type of federalism is characterized by a system of separate but equally powerful state and national governments?

dual

Which of the following is an exclusive power of the national government?

regulating interstate commerce

The federal government has responsibility for foreign affairs and the states have responsibility for setting up schools. What is the name for this division of powers?

federalism

When your local police and the DEA work together to shut down illicit drug operations, they are operating under what is called __________.

cooperative federalism

powers that belong to the National Government because it is the government of a sovereign state

inherent powers

written in the Constitution

expressed powers

powers the Constitution does not give to the National government and does not deny to the States

reserved powers

powers shared by btoh the states and national government

concurrent powers

powers suggested but not stated in the Constitution

implied powers

What was the dominant model of federalism starting with the New Deal in the 1930s?

Cooperative

Which is an example of how Congress has used its implied powers under the elastic clause of the Constitution?

it built the interstate highway system

Before the landmark Supreme Court case, Obergefell v. Hodges (2015), which legalized same-sex marriage throughout the country, same-sex marriage advocates argued that the __________ clause of the Constitution meant that legally sanctioned same-sex marriages performed in one state should automatically be recognized by other states

full faith and credit

In McCulloch v. Maryland (1819), which clause of the U.S. Constitution did the Supreme Court uphold to permit Congress’s authority to create the 2^nd National Bank and which clause was interpreted as preventing Maryland from taxing the national bank?

necessary and proper; supremacy

Which of the following is a concurrent power?

power to tax

Which of the following is the legal process by which a fugitive from justice in a state is returned from another state?

extradition

Which of the following is an example of a reserved power of the states?

imposing the death penalty

a federal grant made for a specific reason or purpose, along with becoming a prominent mechanism for coercion by the federal government

categorical grant

a federal grant made for a broad purpose and gave states more autonomy on how to spend the federal money

block grant

federal funds designated for special projects within a state or congressional district

programmatic request

federal laws that states must implement without sufficient federal funding

unfunded mandates

ensures that citizens have the same basic rights in every state

privileges and immunites clause