CSD 101: Speech Sound Disorders I & II

Vocabulary practice flashcards covering terminology, classification systems, error types, assessment procedures, and intervention techniques from CSD 101 Lectures 7 and 8.

Articulation

The approach or contact of two speech organs or articulators.

Articulator

One of several parts of the vocal tract that can be used to form speech sounds, such as the lips, tip of the tongue, upper teeth, and hard palate.

Consonants

Speech sounds made with a constriction where the air flowing out from the lungs is slowed down or stopped for an interval of time.

Place of Articulation

The location in the vocal tract where the constriction is made to produce a consonant sound.

Manner of Articulation

The degree of constriction in the vocal tract used to produce a consonant sound.

Voicing

A parameter describing whether or not the vocal folds are vibrating during speech sound production.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

A system used by speech-language pathologists to transcribe phonemes because it provides a one-to-one correspondence between sounds and symbols for all speech sounds.

Vowels

Speech sounds produced when the articulators do not come very close together, leaving the airstream relatively unobstructed.

High Front Unrounded Vowel

The phonetic description for the vowel sound /i/ as in the word beet.

High Back Rounded Vowel

The phonetic description for the vowel sound /u/ as in the word boot.

Low Front Unrounded Vowel

The phonetic description for the vowel sound /æ/ as in the word bat.

Low Back Unrounded Vowel

The phonetic description for the vowel sound /ɑ/ as in the word bot.

Speech Sound Development Chart (Williamson, 2010)

A chart showing consonant acquisition where the left-hand edge of a bar marks 50% acquisition age and the right-hand edge marks 90% mastery age.

Substitution

A common articulation error where one speech sound is replaced by another, such as saying tea for key.

Omission

A common articulation error where a speech sound is left out of a word, such as saying nake for snake.

Distortion

A common articulation error where a speech sound is produced in an altered or non-standard manner, such as a lateralized /s/ for see.

Addition

A common articulation error involving the insertion of an extra sound into a word, such as saying duguh for dog.

Speech Sound Inventory

An evaluation factor that identifies the complete range of speech sounds a child is able to produce.

Syllable Structure

The pattern of consonants (C) and vowels (V) forming syllables, such as CVC or CV.

Speech Intelligibility

A measure of how easy it is to understand the speaker, calculated as $\frac{\text{Number of intelligible words}}{\text{Total number of words}} \times 100$.

Goldman-Fristoe Test of Articulation-3rd Edition (GFTA-3)

A standardized assessment used to transcribe a child's speech productions, score them, and compare results with peers of the same age.

Output-Based Feedback

An evidence-based intervention technique where explicit feedback is provided based on the child's actual speech output.

Minimal Pair

Two words that vary by only a single speech sound, used in therapy to contrast error patterns with target sounds.

Minimal Pair Contrast

An evidence-based intervention technique that contrasts a child's error production with the target word using minimal pairs.