Coalition Wars and Napoleonic Battles

Vocabulary flashcards covering the Coalitions, Napoleonic battles, and the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire.

War of the First Coalition

A 1792–1797 conflict where European monarchies attacked Revolutionary France, which responded with mass conscription (levée en masse) and secured major territorial gains.

War of the Second Coalition

A 1798–1802 conflict where Britain, Russia, and Austria formed a new alliance while Napoleon rose to power in France, concluding with the Treaty of Amiens.

War of the Third Coalition

An 1805 war where Britain, Russia, Austria, and Sweden fought Napoleon's newly proclaimed empire, marked by French victories at Ulm and Austerlitz.

War of the Fourth Coalition

An 1806–1807 war in which Prussia joined the fight against France, resulting in decisive French victories at Jena-Auerstedt and Friedland.

War of the Fifth Coalition

An 1809 conflict where Austria attacked a strained French Empire alone, but was defeated at the Battle of Wagram.

War of the Sixth Coalition

An 1813–1814 war in which a massive allied alliance crushed Napoleon's forces at the Battle of Leipzig, captured Paris, and forced his first abdication.

War of the Seventh Coalition

The final 1815 conflict of the era that ended with Napoleon's definitive defeat at the Battle of Waterloo and his exile to Saint Helena.

Levée en masse

Mass conscription implemented by Revolutionary France during the War of the First Coalition to repel attacks by European monarchies.

Austerlitz

An 1805 battle fought between the French and a coalition of the Russian empire.

Jena

An 1806 battle fought between the French and the kingdom of Prussia and the electorate of saxony.

Friedland

An 1807 battle fought between the French and the Russian empire with support from the kingdom of Saxony.

Aspern

An 1809 battle fought between the French and the Austrian empire.

Wagram

An 1809 battle fought between the French and the Austrian empire that resulted in Austria's defeat.

Salamanca

An 1812 battle fought between the French imperial army and the anglo-Portuguese allies forces.

Borodino

An 1812 battle fought between the French grande armee and the imperial Russian army.

Vitoria

An 1813 battle fought between bonapartist France and the allied coalition consisting of British, Portuguese, and Spanish forces.

Leipzig

An 1813 battle fought between the French empire and the sixth coalition (Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Sweden), in which allied forces crushed Napoleon's forces.

Dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire

The formal dissolution of the empire brought about when Emperor Francis II abdicated on August 6, 1806, after having established the separate Austrian empire in 1804.

Emperor Francis II

The emperor who abdicated on August 6, 1806, formally dissolving the Holy Roman Empire after establishing the separate Austrian empire in 1804.