Life Stages, Age Expressions, and Past-and-Present Vocabulary

Flashcards covering stages of life vocabulary, approximate age expressions, and key verbs and conjunctions from the 'Past and present' section.

Birth

The beginning of life or the occasion of being born (/bɜ:θ/).

Toddler

A young child who is at the stage of learning to walk (/ˈtɒdlə/).

Childhood

The period or stage of life when one is a child (/ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/).

Teenager

A person who is between $13$ and $19$ years old (/ˈti:neɪdʒə/).

In your teens

Being in the age range of $13\text{--}19$ years old (/ɪn jɔ: ti:nz/).

Middle-aged

Being in the intermediate stage of adulthood between young adulthood and old age (/ˌmɪdl ˈeɪdʒd/).

Retirement

The act, occasion, or life stage of stopping working after one's career (/rɪˈtaɪəmənt/).

Retired

Having stopped working or having concluded one's professional career (/rɪˈtaɪəd/).

Elderly

Of advanced age or old (/ˈeldəli/).

In my early twenties

An expression meaning at the beginning of the twenties, specifically referring to ages $21\text{--}23$.

In their mid-fifties

An expression meaning in the middle of the fifties, specifically referring to ages $54\text{--}56$.

In her late seventies

An expression meaning at the end of the seventies, specifically referring to ages $77\text{--}79$.

Almost (applied to age)

Very close to a specific age, but not yet having reached it (e.g., 'almost forty' means close to $40$, but not yet $40$).

Roughly (applied to age)

Approximately a given age, with the possibility of being slightly older or slightly younger (e.g., 'roughly forty').

Formula: in + possessive adjective + early/mid/late + age group

The sentence pattern used to indicate an approximate age group (e.g., 'I am in my early thirties' indicates being around $31\text{--}33$ years old).

Be brought up

To be raised, cared for, and educated during childhood by parents or guardians (/brɔ:t ʌp/).

Strict with someone

I am strict with my staff

Enforcing rules firmly and demanding that they are obeyed (/strɪkt/).

Nghiêm khắc với ai

Manage to

She manages to pass her exam

cố gắng để vượt qua khó khăn

Allow someone to do something

To give someone permission to do something, constructed with an object followed by a 'to'-infinitive (e.g., 'My parents allow me to go out').

Let someone do something

To give someone permission to do something, constructed with an object followed by a bare infinitive without 'to' (e.g., 'My parents let me go out', not 'let me to go').

Be allowed to do something

The passive construction meaning to have permission to do something (e.g., 'I am allowed to go out').

Stay out late

To remain away from home until late at night or return home late (/steɪ aʊt ˈleɪt/).

At first

At the beginning or initially (/ət ˈfɜ:st/).

In the end

Finally, after a period of time or an ongoing process (/ɪn ði ˈend/).