Lab 11: human evolution

Hominidae

Great apes-humans, chimps, gorillas, orangutans

Human dental formula

2-1-2-3

new world monkey dental formula

2.1.3.3

U shaped vs arch shaped

Sagittal crest

canine diastema

Facial Prognathism

foramen magnum

A large opening at the base of the skull through which the brain connects to the spinal cord.

Gorillas

Bipedal, extant, ground dwelling, brain size ~500cm3, make tools, most recent common ancestor with modern humans 7 mya

Chimpanzee

Bipedal, extant, brain size ~400 Mya, does not make tools, climb trees, most recent common ancestor with modern humans 7mya

Ardipithecus Ardi

Bipedal, extinct, tree dwelling, brain size 300-350cm3, rudimentary tool making

Australopithecus afarensis

3.2 Mya, Lucy, bipedal, extinct, ground dwelling, brain size 380-550cm3, no tools

Homo habilis

Bipedal, extinct, ground dwelling, brain size 500-900cm3, made tools, 2.3-1.65mya

Homo erectus

Bipedal, extinct, ground dwelling, brain 800-850cm3, slimmer and taller than ancestors, made tools

•Lived 1.7-1.4mya

Homo neanderthalensis

Bipedal, extinct, ground dwelling, brain size 1500cm3, tools, 130,000-30,000 years ago, more robust