MCB 244 Chapter 10 The Muscular System

The study of the muscular system is known as_________.

A) kinesiology

B) pathophysiology

C) myology

D) biology

E) neurology

mythology

Which of the following is not a function of the muscular system?

A) Stability

B) Heat production

C) Control of openings

D) Secretion

E) Breathing

secretion

What term best describes the relationship between the pronator quadratus and supinator?

A) Fixators

B) Antagonists

C) Synergists

D) Prime movers

E) Depressors

antagonists

Muscle fibers are arranged in bundles called_________.

A) compartments

B) fascicles

C) retinacula

D) aponeuroses

E) groups

fascicles

Which of the following describes muscular tissue emerging directly from bone rather than

being separated from it by an obvious tendon?

A) Direct attachment

B) Indirect attachment

C) Inverted attachment

D) Aponeurosis

Direct attachment

6) The rectus femoris is an example of what muscle shape?

A) Fusiform

B) Parallel

C) Triangular

D) Elongated

E) Pennate

Pennate

Groups of muscles are separated by which of the following?

A) Epimysium

B) Fascicles

C) Perimysium

D) Fascia

E) Endomysium

Fascia

Which term below best describes the deltoid?

A) Fusiform

B) Intrinsic

C) Involuntary

D) Extrinsic

E) Parallel

Intrinsic

Which term best describes the relationship of the deltoid and SITS muscles during shoulder

abduction?

A) Prime movers

B) Antagonists

C) Synergists

D) Fixators

E) Adductors

Synergists

The semitendinosus is an example of what muscle shape?

A) Triangular

B) Fusiform

C) Sphincter

D) Convergent

E) Pennate

Fusiform

Which of the following muscles is the prime mover for inhalation?

A) Internal intercostals

B) External intercostals

C) Diaphragm

D) Stylohyoid

E) Hyoglossus

Stylohyoid

Which of the following extensors of the head is the most superficial?

A) Trapezius

B) Semispinalis capitis

C) Splenius capitis

D) Sternocleidomastoid

E) Temporalis

Trapezius

The occipital and frontal bellies of occipitofrontal are connected via the_________.

A) galea retinaculum

B) galea aponeurotica

C) galea cranium

D) galea orbicularis

E) galea neurotica

galea aponeurotica

Which of the following muscles of facial expression is not innervated by the facial nerve?

A) Orbicularis oculi

B) Zygomaticus major

C) Corrugator supercilii

D) Levator palpebrae superioris

E) Buccinator

Levator palpebrae superioris

A point of convergence for several muscles of the lower face is the_________.

A) retinaculum

B) aponeurotica

C) modiolus

D) nuchal line

E) galea

modiolus

The_________ attaches to the zygomatic arch and also to the angle of the mandible.

A) masseter

B) buccinator

C) temporalis

D) genioglossus

E) stylohyoid

masseter

Which one of these muscles helps to open the mouth (depress the mandible)?

A) Zygomaticus major

B) Digastric

C) Sternohyoid

D) Depressor anguli oris

E) Hyoglossus

Digastric

The palatoglossus is innervated by which nerve(s)?

A) Hypoglossal

B) Accessory

C) Vagus

D) Hypoglossal and accessory

E) Accessory and vagal

Accessory and vagal

Which of the following muscles of mastication would be responsible for mandibular

elevation?

A) Temporalis

B) Lateral pterygoid

C) Stylohyoid

D) Zygomaticus major

E) Zygomaticus minor

Temporalis

The aponeurosis of the external oblique forms the_________ at its inferior margin.

A) linea alba

B) rectus sheath

C) linea semilunaris

D) medial retinaculum

E) inguinal ligament

inguinal ligament

The deepest muscle of the abdominal wall is the_________.

A) transverse abdominal

B) internal oblique

C) rectus abdominis

D) latissimus dorsi

E) pectoralis minor

transverse abdominal

While sitting at your desk, you drop your pencil onto the floor. You bend over to pick up the

pencil. In order to straighten up and continue your exam you must use which of the following

muscles?

A) Tibialis anterior

B) Erector spinae

C) Semimembranosus

D) Tibialis anterior and semimembranosus

E) Extensor hallucis longus

Erector spinae

23) Which of the following muscles is not externally visible on the trunk of the body?

A) Transverse abdominal

B) Latissimus dorsi

C) Trapezius

D) Pectoralis major

E) External abdominal oblique

Transverse abdominal

24) Unilateral contraction of which muscle causes ipsilateral flexion of the lumbar vertebral

column?

A) Multifidus

B) Latissimus dorsi

C) External intercostals

D) Serratus anterior

E) Quadratus lumborum

Quadratus lumborum

25) In lifting a heavy weight from the floor, one should use the power of the_________ in order

to avoid straining the lower back.

A) biceps brachii and brachialis

B) gastrocnemius and soleus

C) external and internal abdominal obliques

D) knee and hip extensors

E) trapezius and latissimus dorsi

knee and hip extensors

26) In a whiplash injury, the neck undergoes forced hyperextension then hyperflexion, injuring

multiple muscles in the neck. Which of the following muscles would be injured during the

hyperextension phase of the injury?

A) Trapezius

B) Splenius capitis

C) Sternocleidomastoid

D) Semispinalis capitis

E) Levator scapulae

Sternocleidomastoid

27) Tendinous intersections divide the_________ into segments that are externally visible on the

abdomen of a well-muscled person.

A) vastus lateralis

B) serratus anterior

C) rectus abdominis

D) quadriceps femoris

E) transverse abdominal

rectus abdominis

28) The rectus abdominis is a_________ muscle, while the rectus femoris is a_________ muscle.

A) fusiform; parallel

B) parallel; bipennate

C) convergent; unipennate

D) bipennate; parallel

E) multipennate; convergent

parallel; bipennate

29) Which of the following correctly states the proximal and distal attachments of the

sternocleidomastoid?

A) Sternal manubrium and lateral one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

B) Sternal manubrium and medial half of clavicle; mastoid process and medial one-third of superior nuchal line

C) Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

D) Sternal manubrium and lateral half of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral one-third of superior nuchal line

E) Mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line; sternal manubrium, medial one-third of clavicle

Sternal manubrium and medial one-third of clavicle; mastoid process and lateral half of superior nuchal line

The muscles that laterally rotate and depress the scapula, as in shrugging and lowering the

shoulders, are the_________.

A) trapezius and serratus anterior

B) pectoralis minor and serratus anterior

C) levator scapulae and rhomboideus

D) trapezius and rhomboideus

E) trapezius and latissimus dorsi

trapezius and serratus anterior

Which cranial nerve innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius?

A) Abducens

B) Facial

C) Vagus

D) Accessory

E) Trigeminal

Accessory

Which muscle(s) of respiration is(are) innervated by the phrenic nerve?

A) Diaphragm

B) External intercostals

C) Internal intercostals

D) Innermost intercostals

E) Pectoralis major

Diaphragm

After taking their wedding vows, a bride and groom often ceremonially use which of the

following muscles before walking away from the altar?

A) Depressor anguli oris

B) Orbicularis oris

C) Levator labii superioris

D) Platysma

E) Quadriceps femoris

Orbicularis oris

Which muscle attaches to the manubrium and the thyroid cartilage, and aids in singing low

notes?

A) Omohyoid

B) Thyrohyoid

C) Sternothyroid

D) Stylohyoid

E) Lateral pterygoid

Sternothyroid

Some people suffer involuntary urination due to incompetence of what muscle?

A) External urethral sphincter

B) Bulbospongiosus

C) Compressor urethrae

D) Ischiocavernosus

E) Levator ani

External urethral sphincte

A sacral fracture affecting the S3 and S4 nerve roots would result in a person having

difficulty with evacuation of the bowels.

true

false

true

A baseball pitcher who injures one of their SITS muscles most commonly sustains tears to

the tendon of which muscle?

A) Supraspinatus

B) Infraspinatus

C) Teres minor

D) Subscapularis

E) Deltoid

Supraspinatus

Which of the following is true regarding the levator scapulae? A) It is innervated by the

phrenic nerve.

B) It elevates the scapula if the scapula is fixed.

C) It rotates the scapula and depresses the apex of the shoulder.

D) It flexes the neck if the scapula is fixed.

E) It protracts the scapula if the humerus is fixed.

It flexes the neck if the scapula is fixed.

Which of the following is an intrinsic muscle of the hand?

A) Extensor carpi radialis brevis

B) Adductor pollicis

C) Extensor pollicis longus

D) Extensor indicis

E) Abductor pollicis longus

Adductor pollicis

The serratus anterior is innervated by which nerve?

A) Accessory

B) Dorsal scapular

C) Long thoracic

D) Lateral pectoral

E) Axillary

Long thoracic

Which muscle acting on the arm assists in deep inspiration?

A) Pectoralis major

B) Trapezius

C) Teres minor

D) Diaphragm

E) Deltoid

Pectoralis major

A butcher who cuts the distal portion of their fingers may cut the_________ tendon.

A) flexor pollicis longus

B) flexor carpi ulnaris

C) palmaris longus

D) adductor pollicis

E) flexor digitorum profundus

flexor digitorum profundus

When a nurse draws blood, it is not uncommon for the needle to penetrate which muscle near

the cubital region?

A) Pronator quadratus

B) Semimembranosus

C) Pronator teres

D) Buccinator

E) Supinator

Pronator teres

The antagonist to the triceps brachii is the_________.

A) deltoid

B) anconeus

C) biceps brachii

D) supinator

E) teres minor

biceps brachii

Which of the following best describes the insertion of the extensor digitorum? A) It indirectly

inserts on all digits of the hand.

B) It indirectly inserts on all digits of the hand except the thumb.

C) It directly inserts on all digits of the hand.

D) It directly inserts on all digits of the hand except the thumb.

E) It directly inserts on the index finger only.

It indirectly inserts on all digits of the hand except the thumb.

Tennis elbow is a common term describing injury to the attachment of which of the

following?

A) Extensor hallucis longus

B) Pronator quadratus

C) Extensor carpi radialis longus

D) Subscapularis

E) Flexor digitorum profundus

Extensor carpi radialis longus

An injury that results in complete functional loss of the ulnar nerve will affect which of the

following muscles?

A) Abductor digiti minimi

B) Abductor pollicis brevis

C) Flexor carpi radialis

D) Brachioradialis

E) Extensor indicis

Abductor digiti minimi

Carpal tunnel pressure is sometimes relieved by surgically excising part or all of which

structure?

A) Palmar aponeurosis

B) Extensor retinaculum

C) Flexor retinaculum

D) Extensor aponeurosis

E) Median nerve

Flexor retinaculum

What is the longest muscle in the human body?

A) Iliopsoas

B) Sartorius

C) Erector spinae

D) Semitendinosus

E) Semimembranosus

Sartorius

Which of the following muscles is in the medial compartment of the thigh?

A) Soleus

B) Adductor longus

C) Piriformis

D) Vastus medialis

E) Semimembranosus

Adductor longus

Which of the following muscles attaches on the head of the fibula?

A) Extensor digitorum longus

B) Tibialis anterior

C) Popliteus

D) Biceps femoris

E) Semitendinosus

Biceps femoris

Which muscle is innervated by the tibial nerve?

A) Extensor digitorum longus

B) Tibialis anterior

C) Semimembranosus

D) Fibularis longus

E) Vastus lateralis

Semimembranosus

Which of the following muscles is responsible for medially rotating the tibia on the femur

when the knee is flexed?

A) Piriformis

B) Semitendinosus

C) Adductor brevis

D) Vastus medialis

E) Sartorius

Semitendinosus

Which of the following muscles adducts and medially rotates the thigh?

A) Gracilis

B) Piriformis

C) Adductor magnus

D) Rectus femoris

E) Sartorius

Adductor magnus

Which of the following muscles is innervated by the obturator nerve?

A) Gracilis

B) Biceps femoris

C) Tibialis anterior

D) Soleus

E) Sartorius

Gracilis

Injury to the deep fibular nerve would cause inability to extend one's toes. true false

true

The triceps surae consists of three muscles in the lower limb. true

false

false

A clinician induces contraction of the gastrocnemius and soleus and notices that the foot does not plantar flex as expected. Which of the following would be a logical diagnosis?

A) Peroneal nerve injury

B) Ruptured calcaneal tendon

C) Anterior compartment syndrome

D) Shinsplints

E) Lateral plantar nerve injury

Ruptured calcaneal tendo

A weightlifter sustains a crushing injury to their foot. After a couple weeks, they begin to

notice that they cannot bend the little toe on their right foot. Which of the following would be

a logical diagnosis?

A) Atrophy of the flexor hallucis brevis

B) Atrophy of the fibularis brevis

C) Atrophy of the soleus

D) Atrophy of the flexor digiti minimi

E) Atrophy of the adductor hallucis

Atrophy of the flexor digiti minimi

An out of shape middle-aged insurance salesperson accepts a friend's invitation to a pickup

basketball game. When attempting a jump shot, they fall to the ground in pain, grasping at

their calf. There is an enormous bulge in their leg immediately below the popliteal fossa, and

they are unable to plantar flex that foot. Most likely they have injured their_________ and

the bulge is_________.

A) quadriceps tendon; their rectus femoris

B) calcaneal tendon; their triceps surae

C) patellar ligament; their fibularis longus

D) tibia; a previously undetected bone tumor

E) hamstrings; a large hematoma (blood clot)

calcaneal tendon; their triceps surae

An Olympic sprinter readies for a race. After the sound of the starting gun, they propel

themselves forward from the starting block and immediately grimace in pain, grabbing for

the back of their thigh. Within 48 hours they begin to notice extensive bruising on the back of

their thigh extending down behind their knee. They have difficulty standing from a seated

position and flexing their knee, and bending at the waist generates more pain. Which muscle

is likely injured?

A) Gluteus maximus

B) Popliteus

C) Biceps femoris

D) Gastrocnemius

E) Iliopsoas

Biceps femoris

After childbirth, a woman begins experiencing tremendous pain in her groin, making it

difficult for her to walk. An X-ray shows a fracture extending from her symphysis pubis to

the inferior ramus of the pubis. As a result of the fracture, which group of muscles might be

impaired?

A) Hip flexors

B) Thigh abductors

C) Hip extensors

D) Lateral rotators

E) Thigh adductors

Thigh adductors

A skydiver's parachute fails to deploy but after some struggle, their reserve chute opens in time to save their life. However, their landing is harder than normal and they feel their knee slightly hyperextend. Later that day they begin experiencing knee pain. Two days later they notice that their knee "pops" when they crouch and soon discover they have dislocated their femur. Which muscle was likely initially injured?

A) Popliteus

B) Tensor fasciae latae

C) Soleus

D) Sartorius

E) Quadriceps femoris

Popliteus

A skateboarder falls and lands directly on their buttocks and lower back. They do not feel

much pain and continue skating. After a couple of days they begin experiencing right hip

pain and notice their right foot and leg are rotated to the right. A doctor diagnoses a muscle

spasm. Which of the following muscles is most likely causing the leg and foot rotation?

A) Quadratus lumborum

B) Tibialis posterior

C) Piriformis

D) Adductor longus

E) Sacrospinalis

Piriformis

An_________ muscle is contained within a region whereas an_________ muscle acts upon

one region but has an attachment elsewhere.

A) intrinsic; extrinsic

B) extrinsic; intrinsic

C) innate; extraneous

D) extraneous; innate

intrinsic; extrinsic

You hear a loud noise behind you and look back over your left shoulder. Which of the

following is true?

A) This was a contralateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

B) This was a contralateral contraction of your left sternocleidomastoid muscle.

C) This was an ipsilateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

D) This was an ipsilateral contraction of your left sternocleidomastoid muscle.

This was a contralateral contraction of your right sternocleidomastoid muscle.

Short ribs are a cut of beef often used for barbeque. "Back ribs" are taken from the area near

the spine where the meat tends to be thinner. Which muscle forms the meat on this type of

rib?

A) Intercostal muscles

B) Diaphragm

C) Rectus abdominus

D) External abdominal oblique

E) Trapezius

Intercostal muscles

What is a retinaculum?

A) A band of connective tissue that covers and stabilizes a group of tendons

B) A particularly thick fascia that separates functional muscle groups into compartments

C) A thick, sheet-like tendon

D) A sheath of connective tissue that wraps muscle fibers together to form fascicles

E) A thin sleeve of connective tissue that surrounds each muscle fiber.

A band of connective tissue that covers and stabilizes a group of tendons

The skeletal muscles are innervated by_________.

A) spinal nerves and cranial nerves

B) spinal nerves only

C) cranial nerves only

D) spinal nerves and autonomic nerves

E) cranial nerves and autonomic nerves

spinal nerves and cranial nerves

Which of these muscles attaches to both the thyroid cartilage of the larynx and to the hyoid

bone?

A) Thyrohyoid

B) Sternothyroid

C) Sternohyoid

D) Stylohyoid

E) Sternothyroid

Thyrohyoid

Based on this figure, which two muscles have direct attachments?

A) The brachialis and the lateral head of the triceps brachii

B) The brachialis and the biceps brachii

C) The brachialis and the long head of the triceps brachii

D) The lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii

E) The biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachii

The brachialis and the lateral head of the triceps brachii

Based on this figure, which two muscles have indirect attachments?

A) The brachialis and the lateral head of the triceps brachii

B) The brachialis and the biceps brachii

C) The brachialis and the long head of the triceps brachii

D) The lateral and long heads of the triceps brachii

E) The biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachii

The biceps brachii and the long head of the triceps brachii

The muscles of the head and neck are innervated by the_________.

A) cranial nerves

B) spinal nerves

C) muscle fibers

D) aponeuroses

E) muscle capillaries

cranial nerves

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris?

A) Lowers the bottom lip

B) Flexes the smallest finger

C) Aids in urine retention

D) Elevates the scapula

E) Extends the wrist

Lowers the bottom lip

What is the action of the flexor digiti minimi bevis?

A) Lowers the bottom lip

B) Flexes the smallest finger

C) Aids in urine retention

D) Elevates the scapula

E) Extends the wrist

Flexes the smallest finger

What type of muscle is this?

A) Fusiform

B) Parallel

C) Triangular

D) Bipennate

E) Multipennate

Fusiform

What type of muscle is this?

A) Fusiform

B) Parallel

C) Triangular

D) Bipennate

Parallel

What type of muscle is this?

A) Fusiform

B) Parallel

C) Triangular

D) Bipennate

E) Multipennate

Triangular

What type of muscle is this?

A) Rectus femoris

B) Biceps brachii

C) Deltoid

D) Orbicularis oris

E) Pectoralis major

Rectus femoris

What type of muscle is this?

A) Rectus femoris

B) Biceps brachii

C) Deltoid

D) Orbicularis oris

E) Pectoralis major

Deltoid

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 1.

A) Fascia

B) Epimysium

C) Perimysium

D) Endomysium

E) Retinaculum

Fascia

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 2.

A) Fascia

B) Epimysium

C) Perimysium

D) Endomysium

E) Retinaculum

Epimysium

Name the layer of connective tissue labeled 3.

A) Fascia

B) Epimysium

C) Perimysium

D) Endomysium

E) Retinaculum

Perimysium

Name the arm muscle labeled 1.

A) Long head of triceps brachii

B) Lateral head of triceps brachii

C) Medial head of triceps brachii

D) Brachialis

E) Biceps brachii

Long head of triceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 2.

A) Long head of triceps brachii

B) Lateral head of triceps brachii

C) Medial head of triceps brachii

D) Brachialis

E) Biceps brachii

Lateral head of triceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 3.

A) Long head of triceps brachii

B) Lateral head of triceps brachii

C) Medial head of triceps brachii

D) Brachialis

E) Biceps brachii

Biceps brachii

Name the arm muscle labeled 4.

A) Long head of triceps brachii

B) Lateral head of triceps brachii

C) Medial head of triceps brachii

D) Brachialis

E) Biceps brachii

Brachialis

Name the facial muscle labeled 1.

A) Orbicularis oculi

B) Orbicularis oris

C) Levator palpebrae superioris

D) Occipitalis

E) Corrugator supercilli

Orbicularis oculi

Name the facial muscle labeled 2.

A) Zygomaticus minor

B) Zygomaticus major

C) Levator labii superioris

D) Risorius

E) Buccinator

Zygomaticus minor

Name the facial muscle labeled 3.

A) Zygomaticus minor

B) Zygomaticus major

C) Levator labii superioris

D) Risorius

E) Buccinator

Zygomaticus major

Name the facial muscle labeled 4.

A) Zygomaticus minor

B) Zygomaticus major

C) Masseter

D) Risorius

E) Buccinator

Masseter

Name the facial muscle labeled 5.

A) Orbicularis oris

B) Orbicularis oculi

C) Masseter

D) Risorius

E) Buccinator

Orbicularis oris

Together, the group of muscles shown here is referred to as the _________.

A) Rotator cuff

B) Hamstrings

C) Quadriceps

D) Lateral rotators

E) Iliopsoas

Rotator cuff

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle

labeled 1 in this figure.

A) Biceps brachii

B) Brachialis

C) Triceps brachii

D) Brachioradialis

E) Pronator teres

Biceps brachii

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle

labeled 2 in this figure.

A) Biceps brachii

B) Brachialis

C) Triceps brachii

D) Brachioradialis

E) Pronator teres

Brachialis

Use your three-dimensional understanding of arm anatomy to identify the muscle labeled 3 in this figure.

A) Biceps brachii

B) Brachialis

C) Triceps brachii

D) Brachioradialis

E) Pronator teres

Triceps brachii

The structure labeled 1 is an example of _________.

A) a retinaculum

B) an aponeurosis

C) an interosseous membrane

D) a tendon

E) a ligament

a retinaculum

Based on their position and attachments, how would you classify the muscles shown here?

A) Adductors

B) Lateral rotators

C) Flexors

D) Extensors

E) Pronators

Adductors

What is the name of the muscle highlighted in purple?

A) Iliacus

B) Psoas major

C) Pectineus

D) Rectus femoris

E) Gluteus maximus

Iliacus

What is the name of the muscle highlighted in purple?

A) Iliacus

B) Psoas major

C) Pectineus

D) Rectus femoris

E) Gluteus maximus

Psoas major