Unit 3 Part 1 Key Terms: Atoms and Bonding

Atoms/ Elements

The basic building block of all matter. A pure substance made of only one specific type of atom.

Protons

Found in the center of an atom with a positive charge. Makes up part of the atomic mass.

Neutrons

Found in the center of an atom with a neutral charge. Makes up part of the atomic mass.

Electrons

Found on the outside of an atom with a negative charge.

6 most abundant elements of life

CHONPS

Carbon

Hydrogen

Oxygen

Nitrogen

Phosphorus

Sulfur

Atomic Structure

The Nucleus of an atom has protons and neutrons. The shells of an atom have electrons.

Isotropes

Atoms with the same number of protons that have a different number of neutrons.

Valence Electrons

Electrons that occupy the outermost shell of the atom.

Valence Shell

The outermost shell of an atom. Always wants to have 8 electrons.

Compound/Molecule

2 or more atoms bonded together.

Bonding

Atoms bond together.

Covalent Bonding

The electrons are shared, so both atoms have 8 atoms on their valence shell.

Ionic Bonding

Transfer of valence electrons from one atom to another atom.

The charge of the atom changes and creates negative and positive ions.

Hydrogen Bonding

An attraction between one electron to another. Like velcro. Weak bond.

Van Der Waals Interactions

Weak interactions between molecules or parts of molecules that are brought about by localized change fluctuations. Weakest bond.

Reactants

The things that come together to make a product.

Left side of the equation.

Products

The thing you get after reactants come together.

Right side of the equation.