CEHEM NAMEs ops made chem general Shrug

Acetate

C2H3O2^-

Carbonate

CO3^2-

Hydrogen Carbonate (bicarbonate)

HCO3^-

Hydroxide

OH^-

Nitrite

NO2^-

Nitrate

NO3^-

Chromate

CrO4^2-

Dichromate

Cr2O7^2-

Phosphate

PO4^3-

Hydrogen Phosphate

HPO4^2-

Dihydrogen Phosphate

H2PO4^-

Ammonium

NH4^+

Hypochlorite

ClO^-

Chlorite

ClO2^-

Chlorate

ClO3^-

Perchlorate

ClO4^-

Permanganate

MnO4^-

Sulfite

SO3^2-

Hydrogen Sulfite (bisulfite)

HSO3^-

Sulfate

SO4^2-

Hydrogen sulfate (bisulfate)

HSO4^-

Cyanide

CN^-

Peroxide

O2^2-

Pauli Exclusion principle

max 2 per orbital, opposite spins.

Hunds Rule

spread out with the same spin before pairing.

Hydrogen like group 1 Alkali metals and group 7 Halogens

Hydrogen can gain an electron to fill its shell or it can lose an electron to have an empty shell. Can bond with its self like Cl2. Has one electron in outershell like Alaki metals.

Cu and Cr different electron configuration how?

half and full filled d orbital shells are more stable so the actual is 4s1 3d5 and 4s1 3d10.Its a lower energy state than 4s2 3d4 or 4s2 3d9.

isoelectronic

Ions when they have the same number of electrons. Ie Na+ and Mg2+

Transition metals Elements hold onto d orbitals from the neutral state when forming ions

Fe usually [Ar] 4s2 3d6 Fe2+ → [Ar] 3d6

Electrons are removed from s subshell before being removed from the d orbital.

Coulomb’s Law

Charged particles push or pull on each other. Opposite charges attract, like charges repel, and the force gets stronger with bigger charges and weaker as the particles move farther apart.