Medical Terminology Unit 1

pneum-/pneumon-

lung or air

infarction

sudden blockage of an artery

mucous

refers to the membranes that line body cavities

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity

reflex

response to a stimulus

reflux

backward flow

what is the cell membrane made of?

proteins and lipids

metabolic tasks

chemical processes that occur in the cell

anabolism

the buildup of complex substances in the cell

catabolism

breakdown of complex substances

endoplasmic reticulum

manufactures steroids, cholesterol and other lipids, and proteins

blastocyst

first 2 weeks of the developing embryo

oocyte

immature egg cell

karyotype

map of chromosomes of an individual cell

what are the chemical bases of DNA

adenosine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

medical genetics

application of genetics to medical care

BRCA

breast cancer gene

dysmorphology

study of developmental structural defects

therapy

treatment of a disease, dysfunction, or disorder

personalized medicine

using genetic makeup to diagnose, understand, and treat a disease

gene therapy

replacing a mutated gene with a healthy copy, inactivate a mutated gene, or introduce a new gene into the body

predictive medicine

looks at the probability of a disease and allows preventative measures to be taken

histology

study of the structure and function of tissues

what does connective tissue do

bind, support, protect, fill spaces, store fat

what does epithelial tissue do

protect, secrete, absorb, excrete

what does muscle tissue do

movement

what does nervous tissue do

transmit impulses for coordination, sensory, reception, motor actions

ligament

strip of fibrous connective tissue

what does ACL stand for

anterior cruciate ligament

what does MCL stand for?

medial collateral ligament

what does LCL stand for

lateral collateral ligament

what does PCL stand for

posterior cruciate ligament

periosteum

Fibrous membrane covering a bone

meniscus

disc of cartilage between the bones of a joint

periosteum

membrane covering a bone

synovial membrane

lines joint capsules and secrete synovial fluid

1

femur

2

posterior cruciate ligament

3

anterior cruciate ligament

4

medial meniscus

5

medial collateral ligament

6

tibia

7

lateral collateral ligament

8

lateral meniscus

9

fibula

matrix

substance that surrounds and protects cells

ana-

apart from

caud-

tail

cephal-

head

infer-

below

poster-

back part

proxim-

nearest to the center

sagitt

arrow

super-

above

ventr-

belly

dors-

back

anter-

before, front part

coron-

crown

-tomy

process of separating

cav-

hollow space

-ity

state, condition

crani-

skull

diaphragmat-

diaphragm

spin-

spine

umbilic-

belly button

coll/a-

glue

-gen

produce from

capsul-

box

connect-

join together

syn

together

ov/i-

egg

oste-

bone

endo-

within

-crine

to secrete

-stasis

standstill

home/o-

the same

integument-

covering of the body

nerv-

nerve

urin-

urine

-gen-

create

dys-

difficult, bad

morph/o-

form

dict-

consent

-ive

quality of

chrom-

color

-some

body

de-

without

hist-

tissue

kary-

nucleus

-tide

time

-type

model

phen/o-

appearance

microcyte

small cell

parenchyma

the specific functional cel of a gland or organ that are supported by the connective tissue framework

pulmon-

lung

ischemia

blockage of blood flow

respir-

breathe

bronch-

windpipe

hem-

blood

thorax-

chest