lab 5 - exercise 30

what are the types of vascular conduits?

arteries, arterioles, and capillaries

what is a capillary?

sites of exchange between the blood and cells of the body

what’s the difference between venules and veins?

venules return blood to the veins, which carry it back to the heart

why do arteries have thicker walls than veins?

reflects the higher blood pressure found in them

what’s the outer layer of arteries and veins called?

Tunica externa, cpoonsisting of a connective tissue sheet

what’s the middle layer of arteries and veins called?

túnica media, composed of smooth muscle

• thicker in arteries with pronounced elastic fibers

what’s the inner layer of arteries and veins called?

tunica intima/interna, consists of a thin layer of connective tissue and a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium (endothelium)

what’s the endothelium?

layer closest to the blood

what is special about the endothelium in arteries?

there is in inner elastic membrane, which is a thin layer of elastic fibers

besides sides, what is the main difference between arteries and veins?

Some veins have valves

what are the two types of arteries?

• Elastic (conducting) arteries

• muscular (distributing) arteries

what are elastic (conducting) arteries?

Larger arteries close to the heart, appearances made distinctive by the presence of significant amounts of elastic fibers in the Tunica media

what are muscular (distributing) arteries?

farther away from the heart, it has more smooth muscle in the tunic and media

what are the first two arteries that branch of the ascending aorta?

coronary arteries

what are the three main arteries that receive blood from the aortic arch?

• brachiocephalic artery (trunk)

• left common carotid artery (left side of brain)

• left subclavian artery (left upper limb)

what does the brachiocephalic artery branch into?

the right common carotid artery and the right subclavian artery

• which supply blood to the right side of the head and right upper limb

what are the two segments of the descending aorta?

above the diaphragm, the descending a order is known as the thoracic aorta, and below the diaphragm, it is known as the abdominal aorta

what are the two branches of the right subclavian artery?

the vertebral artery (takes blood to the brain) and the axillary artery

what are the two branches of the left subclavian artery?

verteb

what does each of the axillary arteries turn into?

brachial artieries, which has a pulse that can be palpated by finding a groove on the medial, distal region of the arm between the biceps brachii and the brachialis muscles

what does the brachial artery supply blood to?

the triceps brachii muscle and the humorous

what does the brachial artery bifurcates into?

the radial and ulnar artery

where do the radio and arteries become united again?

the Palmer arch arteries, there is a superior and inferior, the join to send the digital artieries

where do the vertebral arteries receive blood from?

the subclavian arteries, they take it to the brain by traveling through the transverse formina of the cervical vertebrae and then into the foreman Magnum of the skull

what are the other main arteries that take blood to the brain on the anterior sides of the neck?

Common carotid arteries

what does each of the common carotid arteries branch into just below the angle of the mandible?

The external carotid artery, which takes blood to the face, and the internal carotid artery, which passes through the carotic canal and takes blood to the brain

what are some branches of the external carotid artery?

the facial artery, superficial temporal artery, the maximum of the artery, in the occipital artery.

what are the four main arteries that supply blood to the brain?

the left and right vertebral arteries in the left and right internal carotid arteries

what do they vertebral arteries unite to form?

basilar artery at the base of the brain

what do the two internal carotid arteries AND the basilar artery combine to form?

the cerebral arterial circle (circle of willis); composed of anterior and posterior communicating arteries

what is this reuniting of arteries called and why is it important?

collateral circulation; which is important in that if one artery becomes congested, the region of the brain fed by the artery, can be supplied by blood from other collateral arteries

what arteries bridge off of the cerebral arterial circle, and take blood directly to the brain?

The anterior, middle, and posterior cerebral arteries

what does the basilar artery give rise to?

cerebellar arteries, which take blood to the cerebellum