Radiation Protection Unit Test

NEED TO KNOW - Conditions necessary for X-Ray Production

• Source of an electron

• A means to rapidly accelerate the electrons

• Something to rapidly stop this movement

NEED TO KNOW - In an xray tube, is the cathode side a negative or positive terminal?

Negative

NEED TO KNOW - In an xray tube, is the annode side a negative or positive terminal?

Positive

NEED TO KNOW - X-ray beam is heterogeneous, true or false?

True

NEED TO KNOW - What does heterogeneous mean?

Composed of a wide spectrum of energies

NEED TO KNOW - What is the x-ray beam leaving the tube toward the patient reffered to as?

Primary Beam

NEED TO KNOW - What are the 3 possible paths an x-ray beam can undergo?

• They can be absorbed

• They can transfer some energy and then scatter

• They can passed through unaffected

NEED TO KNOW - Why are photoelectric interactions and compton scattering particularly important in diagnostic radiography?

Influence patient and occupational worker exposure

NEED TO KNOW - What type of scattering involves very low energy x-rays?

Classic coherent scattering

What is the biggest contribution to radiographers occupational dose?

Compton Scattering

NEED TO KNOW - What does Air Kerma stand for?

Kinetic energy released in matter

NEED TO KNOW - What absorbed dose and what measurment is used for it?

Measures the amount of energy absorbed in any tissue, and is expressed as Gray (gy)

NEED TO KNOW - What is seiverts (Sv) used to measure

Equivalent does and effective dose

NEED TO KNOW - What is seiverts (Sv)?

the unit to measure the dose equivalent for biologic effectiveness

NEED TO KNOW - What does the FDA do?

Sets and regulates the standards for radiation producing equipment

NEED TO KNOW - What does the NCRP do?

Collect and distribute information regarding radiation awareness and safe practice to the public

What does the NCR do?

Agnecy that enforces radiation protection standards

What is the annual effective dose limit for the occupational worker?

50 mSv (miliseiverts)

How to find your maximum cumilative whole body dose limit?

10 mSv x age

Ex: Pregnant radiographer is 40, maximum cumilative whole body dose limit is 400 mSv

What is the whole body effective dose limitfor the general public?

 5 mSv, 1/10 the occupational workers limit

NEED TO KNOW - What type of cells pass down radiatiion to future generations?

Germ cells

NEED TO KNOW - What is the direct hit theory?

Direct hit can cause cell death, altered function, or mutation

NEED TO KNOW - What is the indirect hit theory?

Because our cells are 80% water, Indirect hit can cause chemical change within the cell, when cells are ionized

NEED TO KNOW - What is ARS and its 3 stages?

Acute Radiation Syndrome

1. Prodromal Stage - nausea, vomiting and diarrhea

2. Latent Stage - Orgamism feels well but body is undergoing bilogical changes

3. Manifest Stage - organism feels full effect of the exposure leading to recovery or death

NEED TO KNOW - What are the 3 radiation syndromes and when they occur?

Hematopoietic or Bone marrow syndrome: 2-10 Gy

Gastrointestinal syndrome: 10-50 Gy

Central nervous syndrome: greater than 50 Gy

NEED TO KNOW - What are the 2 groups of late effects?

Somatic (develop in individual who was exposed) and genetic (passed down)