BETA LACTAMS

Penicillin &Cephalosporins

Examples of narrow spectrum (G+) B-lactamase sensitive

• Pen G (Benzylpenicillin)

• Procaine penicillin

• Pen V

• Phenethicillin

• Phenoxymethicillin (Acid resistant)

• Phenoxyethyl penicillin

Narrow spectrum (G+) B-lactamase sensitive is also called:

Natural penicillin

When bacteria develops resistance to penicillin, it will release this enzyme:

B-lactamase

• Penicillinase

When a bacteria develops resistance to cephalosporin, it will release this enzyme:

Cephalosporinase

Examples of narrow spectrum B-lactamase resistant

• Oxacillin

• Cloxacillin

• Dicloxacillin

• Flucloxacilin

• Methicillin

• Nafcillin

• Temocillin

Narrow spectrum B-lactamase resistant is also called:

Antistaphylcoccal pennicillin

Staphylococcus usually releases B-lactamase (T or F)

True

Broad spectrum B-lactamase sensitive is also called:

Aminopenicillin

Examples of aminopenicillin

• Ampicillin

• Amoxicillin

• Hetacillin

• Pivampicillin

• Talampicillin

• Mecillinam

Broad spectrum B-lactamase sensitive with extended spectra is also called:

Anti-pseudomonas

Examples of anti-pseudomonas

• Carbenicillin

• Azlocillin

• Mezlocillin

• Piperacillin

Beta-lactamase protected broad spectrum are also called

Potentiated penicillin

Examples of potentiated penicillin

• Clavamox

• Sulbactam potential ampicillin

• Ticarcillin-clavulanic acid

• Piperacillin tazobactam

MOA of penicillin

Inhibits cell wall synthesis, interferes with enzyme transpeptidase responsible for the crosslink between peptidoglycans.

Side effects of Penicillins

Biotransforms into penicilloic acid which is allergenic. It reacrs with proteins and serves as a hapten to cause an immune reaction

Penicillin should not be used in:

Guinea pigs, chinchillas, birds, snakes, and turtles

Penicillins should not be combined with

• Salicylates - aspirin

• Anticoagulants

• Phenylbutazone - NSAID

Penicillin can be combined with

Streptomycin, gentamicin, cephalosporins