Endoderm
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40 Terms
What does endoderm induce?
Mesoderm formation and mesodermal tissue development.
What two major tubes does endoderm form?
Digestive and respiratory systems.
What signal is critical for mesendoderm formation?
Nodal.
What type of signaling specifies mesoderm vs endoderm?
Reciprocal signaling.
What specifies foregut vs midgut vs hindgut?
Sox2 Pdx1 Cdx.
What signals promote liver formation?
FGF BMP.
What signals inhibit liver formation?
Wnt and BMP inhibitors.
What promotes pancreas formation?
Notochord signals.
What does notochord secrete to inhibit liver?
Shh inhibition signals.
What gene marks pancreatic progenitors?
Pdx1.
What induces Pdx1 expression?
Signals from blood vessels.
What transcription factors specify foregut?
Sox2.
What transcription factors specify trachea?
Nkx2‑1.
What signaling pathway partitions esophagus vs trachea?
Sox2 vs Nkx2‑1 repression.
What signaling pathway regulates Fgf10 in lung development?
RA and Shh.
What does RA do in lung development?
Keeps Fgf10 low on sides of respiratory tube.
What does Shh do in lung development?
Inhibits Fgf10 proximally activates Hhip1 distally.
What does Hhip1 do?
Represses Shh inhibition.
What does Fgf10 activate?
Sprouty proteins.
Why does Fgf10 activate Sprouty?
Negative feedback to prevent excessive branching.
What induces lung bud outgrowth?
Fgf10.
What induces branching morphogenesis?
Fgf10 Shh BMP Wnt.
What ECM molecule influences branching?
Fibronectin.
What signals specify dorsal vs ventral foregut?
Sox2 dorsal Nkx2‑1 ventral.
What signaling pathway induces respiratory fate?
Fgf10.
What happens if Fgf10 is overexpressed?
Excessive lung branching.
What happens if Fgf10 is lost?
No lung buds form.
What happens if Shh is lost?
Excessive Fgf10 and abnormal branching.
What happens if RA is lost?
Mispatterned Fgf10 expression.
What signals specify liver?
FGF BMP.
What signals specify pancreas?
Notochord signals suppress Shh.
What signals specify stomach?
Wnt and BMP gradients.
What signals specify intestine?
Cdx transcription factors.
What signals specify hindgut?
Cdx2.
What signals specify esophagus?
Sox2.
What signals specify trachea?
Nkx2‑1.
What signals regulate lung branching?
Fgf9 Fgf10 BMP Shh Wnt VEGF.
What is the role of Sprouty in lung development?
Inhibits FGF signaling.
What is the role of RA in gut patterning?
Helps establish regional identity.
What is the role of Hox genes in gut patterning?
Specify A‑P identity.